Add changelog, uniform naming, prepare v0.2.0 tagging (#18)

Reviewed-on: moritz/ptouch-prnt#18

.gitea/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -38,17 +38,23 @@ jobs:
           echo "=== End dependency package version ==="
       - name: setup builddir
         run: meson setup builddir -Db_coverage=true
-      - name: build and test dist package
-        run: ninja -C builddir dist
       - name: run unit tests
         run: ninja -C builddir test
       - name: calculate coverage
         run: ninja -C builddir coverage-text
       - name: Coverage report
         run: cat ./builddir/meson-logs/coverage.txt
+      - name: build and test dist package
+        run: ninja -C builddir dist
       - name: upload dist package
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
-          name: ptprnt-dist
+          name: ptprnt
           path: ./builddir/meson-dist/*
           if-no-files-found: error
+      - name: upload coverage report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage.txt
+          path: ./builddir/meson-logs/coverage.txt
+          if-no-files-found: error

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # Folder
 builddir/
-ptouch-print/
 subprojects/*
 .cache/
 coverageReport/
@@ -12,3 +11,16 @@ ptprnt.log
 !.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
 !.vscode/settings.json
 !.vscode/launch.json
+
+# ignore generated testlabels
+fakelabel_*.png
+
+# ignore package capture files
+*.pcapng
+*.pcapng.gz
+*.pcap
+*.pcap.gz
+
+# ignore coverage temporaries
+*.gcov.json
+*.gcov.json.gz

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -88,9 +88,14 @@
   },
   "clangd.onConfigChanged": "restart",
   "cSpell.words": [
+    "fakelabel",
     "fontsize",
+    "gboolean",
+    "gint",
+    "gobject",
     "halign",
     "libusb",
-    "ptrnt"
+    "ptrnt",
+    "strv"
   ],
 }

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to ptprnt will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [0.2.0] - v0.2.0
+
+### Added
+- Multi-label support - print multiple labels in sequence
+- LabelBuilder API with fluent interface for constructing labels
+- FakePrinter driver for testing without hardware (outputs PNG files)
+- PrinterService core service for printer operations
+- CliParser component with ICliParser interface
+- ICairoWrapper interface for testable graphics rendering
+- MockCairoWrapper for unit testing
+- Pre-commit hook for automatic copyright updates
+- USB trace mode for debugging (`-Dusb_trace_only=true`)
+
+### Changed
+- **Major refactoring**: Reorganized codebase into layered architecture
+  - Application layer: PtouchPrint, CliParser, PrinterService
+  - Printer drivers: Moved to `src/printers/` with factory pattern
+  - Graphics system: Added builder pattern and Cairo abstraction
+  - Core services: Separated into `src/core/` directory
+- Label class now uses dependency injection for Cairo/Pango
+- CLI parsing separated from main application logic
+- Updated dependencies to latest versions
+- Improved project documentation (README.md, CLAUDE.md)
+
+### Fixed
+- Label corruption issues resolved
+- Printer info retrieval bugs
+- USB attachment logic
+- Multiple lines handling in labels
+- Printer selection logic
+
+## [0.1.0] - 2024
+
+### Added
+- Initial release of ptprnt
+- Basic label printing functionality for Brother P-touch P700 series
+- Pango/Cairo-based text rendering
+- USB device communication via libusb-1.0
+- Template-based Bitmap class supporting multiple pixel formats (ALPHA8, RGBX8, RGBA8, ARGB8)
+- Monochrome bitmap conversion for printer output
+- PrinterDriverFactory for creating printer instances
+- USB device abstraction layer (IUsbDevice, UsbDevice, UsbDeviceFactory)
+- Command-line interface using CLI11
+- Logging with spdlog and file output
+- Unit tests using GoogleTest
+- Code coverage reporting with gcovr
+- Meson build system with C++20 support
+- CI/CD pipeline with automated testing
+
+### Core Components (v0.1.0)
+- PtouchPrint: Main application orchestrator
+- P700Printer: Brother P-touch P700 driver implementation
+- Bitmap: Template-based image storage
+- Label: Text rendering with Pango/Cairo
+- Monochrome: Bitmap to monochrome conversion
+- UsbDevice: libusb wrapper for device communication
+
+---
+
+## Project Origins
+
+ptprnt is a modern C++20 rewrite of [ptouch-print](https://git.familie-radermacher.ch/linux/ptouch-print.git).
+All credits for reverse engineering the Brother P-touch USB protocol go to Dominic Rademacher.

README.md

@@ -1,57 +1,50 @@
 # ptprnt
 
-This is a rewrite of [ptouch-print](https://git.familie-radermacher.ch/linux/ptouch-print.git) as a toy project for my personal amusement. The currently available solutions are good enough for generating labels, but i wanted to explore libusb and maybe improve the functionality of my label printer. All credits for reverse engineering the USB commands to Dominic Rademacher.
+A command-line label printer driver for Brother P-touch printers on Linux. Prints text labels directly from your terminal.
 
-## Dependencies
+## Quick Start
-This project requires:
-- spdlog
-- libusb
-- pango
-- cairo
-- meson
-- gtest (optional, for testing, will be installed by meson)
-- gcov (optional, for coverage reports)
 
-Install dependencies on Arch Linux
+**Install dependencies:**
+
+Arch Linux:
 ```bash
-pacman -S libusb spdlog pango cairo meson gcovr
+pacman -S libusb spdlog pango cairo meson
 ```
 
-Install dependencies on Debian/Ubuntu
+Debian/Ubuntu:
 ```bash
-apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev libspdlog-dev libfmt-dev libpango1.0-dev libcairo2-dev meson gcovr
+apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev libspdlog-dev libfmt-dev libpango1.0-dev libcairo2-dev meson
 ```
 
-## Build
+**Build and run:**
-
+Clone this repository first and enter the directory. Then build:
-Clone the repository and simply let meson do the heavy lifting.
-
 ```bash
 meson setup builddir
-```
-If you want to generate coverage reports, enable them via the command line switch
-```bash 
-meson setup builddir -Db_coverage=true
-```
-
-Rebuild by simply invoking ninja
-```bash
 ninja -C builddir
+builddir/ptprnt --help
 ```
 
-## Run
+## Supported Printers
-Run the binary from your builddir
+(I need more printers for verification 😉)
-```bash 
-builddir/ptprnt
-```
 
-## Test
+- Brother P-touch P700 series
-Testing is done via gtest. To run your test simply invoke ninja with the "test" target.
+
+## Developer info
+
+This is a modern C++20 rewrite of [ptouch-print](https://git.familie-radermacher.ch/linux/ptouch-print.git). Credits to Dominic Rademacher for reverse engineering the USB protocol.
+
+**Running tests:**
 ```bash
 ninja -C builddir test
 ```
 
-Coverage reports can be generated via gcov if you enabled them (see Build section) by building the `coverage-text` target.
+**Coverage reports:**
+```bash
+meson setup builddir -Db_coverage=true
+ninja -C builddir
+ninja -C builddir test
+ninja -C builddir coverage-text
+```
 
 ## License
 

generate_coverage.sh

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ HTML_COV_PATH="coverageReport/html"
 XML_COV_PATH="coverageReport/xml"
 HTML_START_FILE="index.html"
 
-echo "Generating Coverage report for ptouch-prnt"
+echo "Generating Coverage report for ptprnt"
 
 ninja -C builddir
 ninja -C builddir test

hooks/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Git Hooks
+
+This directory contains git hooks for the ptprnt repository.
+
+## Installation
+
+To install the hooks, run:
+
+```bash
+./hooks/install_hooks.sh
+```
+
+This will copy all hooks from this directory to `.git/hooks/` and make them executable.
+
+## Available Hooks
+
+### pre-commit
+
+The pre-commit hook automatically updates copyright headers in source files before each commit.
+
+**What it does:**
+- Runs `scripts/update_copyright.sh` to update copyright years in source files
+- Automatically re-stages any modified files
+- Ensures copyright headers are always up-to-date
+
+**Requirements:**
+- `scripts/update_copyright.sh` must exist and be executable
+
+## Skipping Hooks
+
+If you need to skip the pre-commit hook for a specific commit (not recommended), use:
+
+```bash
+git commit --no-verify
+```
+
+## Uninstalling
+
+To remove a hook, simply delete it from `.git/hooks/`:
+
+```bash
+rm .git/hooks/pre-commit
+```

hooks/install_hooks.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Install git hooks for ptprnt repository
+
+set -e
+
+# Colors for output
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# Get the root directory of the git repository
+ROOT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
+
+if [ -z "$ROOT_DIR" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: Not in a git repository${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/hooks"
+HOOKS_TARGET_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/.git/hooks"
+
+echo "Installing git hooks..."
+echo "  Source: $HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR"
+echo "  Target: $HOOKS_TARGET_DIR"
+echo ""
+
+# Check if hooks directory exists
+if [ ! -d "$HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: Hooks source directory not found: $HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if .git/hooks directory exists
+if [ ! -d "$HOOKS_TARGET_DIR" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: Git hooks directory not found: $HOOKS_TARGET_DIR${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Install each hook
+installed_count=0
+for hook_file in "$HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR"/*; do
+    # Skip the install script itself
+    if [[ "$(basename "$hook_file")" == "install_hooks.sh" ]]; then
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    # Skip if not a file
+    if [ ! -f "$hook_file" ]; then
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    hook_name=$(basename "$hook_file")
+    target_file="$HOOKS_TARGET_DIR/$hook_name"
+
+    # Check if hook already exists
+    if [ -f "$target_file" ]; then
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Warning: Hook already exists: $hook_name${NC}"
+        read -p "  Overwrite? (y/N) " -n 1 -r
+        echo
+        if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+            echo "  Skipped: $hook_name"
+            continue
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    # Copy and make executable
+    cp "$hook_file" "$target_file"
+    chmod +x "$target_file"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} Installed: $hook_name"
+    ((installed_count++))
+done
+
+echo ""
+if [ $installed_count -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}No hooks were installed${NC}"
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Successfully installed $installed_count hook(s)${NC}"
+fi
+
+# Verify update_copyright.sh exists and is executable
+if [ -f "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" ]; then
+    if [ ! -x "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" ]; then
+        echo ""
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Making update_copyright.sh executable...${NC}"
+        chmod +x "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} update_copyright.sh is now executable"
+    fi
+else
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Warning: scripts/update_copyright.sh not found${NC}"
+    echo "  The pre-commit hook requires this script to function properly"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "Hook installation complete!"

hooks/pre-commit

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Pre-commit hook to update copyright headers
+
+# Get the root directory of the git repository
+ROOT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
+
+# Check if update_copyright.sh exists and is executable
+if [ ! -x "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" ]; then
+    echo "Warning: scripts/update_copyright.sh not found or not executable"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get list of staged C++ source files
+STAGED_FILES=$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACM | grep -E '\.(cpp|hpp|h|c|cc)$' || true)
+
+if [ -z "$STAGED_FILES" ]; then
+    # No C++ files staged, nothing to do
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+echo "Updating copyright headers for staged files..."
+
+# Update copyright for each staged file
+updated=0
+for file in $STAGED_FILES; do
+    if [ -f "$ROOT_DIR/$file" ]; then
+        # Run update_copyright.sh on the file
+        if "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" "$ROOT_DIR/$file" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+            # Re-stage the file if it was modified
+            git add "$ROOT_DIR/$file"
+            echo "  ✓ Updated: $file"
+            ((updated++))
+        fi
+    fi
+done
+
+if [ $updated -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo "Updated copyright headers in $updated file(s)"
+else
+    echo "No copyright headers needed updating"
+fi
+
+exit 0

meson.build

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 project(
     'ptprnt',
     'cpp',
-    version: 'v0.1.0-' + run_command(
+    version: 'v0.2.0-'
+    + run_command(
         'git',
         'rev-parse',
-        '--short',
+        '--short', 'HEAD',
-        'HEAD',
         check: true,
     ).stdout().strip(),
     license: 'GPLv3',
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ cpp_args = ['-DPROJ_VERSION="' + meson.project_version() + '"']
 # USB trace mode option (for debugging without sending to hardware)
 if get_option('usb_trace_only')
     cpp_args += ['-DUSB_TRACE_ONLY']
-    message('USB_TRACE_ONLY enabled: USB data will be logged but not sent to device')
+    message(
+        'USB_TRACE_ONLY enabled: USB data will be logged but not sent to device',
+    )
 endif
 
 ptprnt_exe = executable(
@@ -54,12 +56,12 @@ ptprnt_exe = executable(
     cpp_args: cpp_args,
 )
 
-
 ### Unit tests
 
-# GTest
+# GTest and GMock
 gtest_proj = subproject('gtest')
 gtest_dep = gtest_proj.get_variable('gtest_main_dep')
+gmock_dep = gtest_proj.get_variable('gmock_main_dep')
 if not gtest_dep.found()
     error('MESON_SKIP_TEST: gtest not installed.')
 endif

src/PtouchPrint.cpp

@@ -132,11 +132,46 @@ bool PtouchPrint::handlePrinting() {
         return true;
     }
 
-    // Build label using LabelBuilder
+    // Build label incrementally, appending when --new is encountered
     graphics::LabelBuilder labelBuilder(printer->getPrinterInfo().pixelLines);
+    std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> finalLabel = nullptr;
+
+    // Debug: print command sequence
+    spdlog::debug("Processing {} commands:", options.commands.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.commands.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto& [cmdType, value] = options.commands[i];
+        spdlog::debug("  Command {}: type={}, value='{}'", i, static_cast<int>(cmdType), value);
+    }
 
     for (const auto& [cmdType, value] : options.commands) {
         switch (cmdType) {
+            case cli::CommandType::NewLabel: {
+                // Finish current label and append to final label
+                spdlog::debug("Encountered --new, finishing current label segment");
+                auto currentLabel = labelBuilder.build();
+                if (!finalLabel) {
+                    // First label becomes the base
+                    finalLabel = std::move(currentLabel);
+                } else {
+                    // If finalLabel is empty (width=0), replace it instead of appending
+                    if (finalLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+                        spdlog::debug("Final label is empty, replacing instead of appending");
+                        finalLabel = std::move(currentLabel);
+                    } else if (currentLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+                        // Current label is empty, skip appending
+                        spdlog::debug("Current label is empty, skipping append");
+                    } else {
+                        // Both labels have content, append
+                        if (!finalLabel->append(*currentLabel)) {
+                            spdlog::error("Failed to append label");
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Reset builder for next label
+                labelBuilder = graphics::LabelBuilder(printer->getPrinterInfo().pixelLines);
+                break;
+            }
             case cli::CommandType::Text:
                 labelBuilder.addText(value);
                 break;
@@ -178,9 +213,31 @@ bool PtouchPrint::handlePrinting() {
         }
     }
 
-    // Build and print the label
+    // Build and append final label segment
-    auto label = labelBuilder.build();
+    auto lastLabel = labelBuilder.build();
-    if (!mPrinterService->printLabel(std::move(label))) {
+    if (!finalLabel) {
+        // Only one label, no --new was used
+        finalLabel = std::move(lastLabel);
+    } else {
+        // Handle empty labels
+        if (finalLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+            // Final label is empty, replace it
+            spdlog::debug("Final label is empty, replacing with last segment");
+            finalLabel = std::move(lastLabel);
+        } else if (lastLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+            // Last segment is empty, skip appending
+            spdlog::debug("Last label segment is empty, skipping append");
+        } else {
+            // Both have content, append
+            if (!finalLabel->append(*lastLabel)) {
+                spdlog::error("Failed to append final label segment");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Print the final label
+    if (!mPrinterService->printLabel(std::move(finalLabel))) {
         spdlog::error("An error occurred while printing");
         return false;
     }

src/PtouchPrint.hpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace ptprnt::cli {
 class ICliParser;
@@ -30,6 +31,10 @@ namespace ptprnt::core {
 class IPrinterService;
 }
 
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+class ILabel;
+}
+
 namespace ptprnt {
 
 /**

src/cli/CliParser.cpp

@@ -43,9 +43,52 @@ int CliParser::parse(int argc, char** argv) {
         mApp.exit(e);
         return -1;  // Signal: error
     }
+
+    // Post-process: Re-order commands based on actual command line order
+    // This is needed because CLI11 groups options by type
+    reorderCommandsByArgv(argc, argv);
+
     return 0;
 }
 
+void CliParser::reorderCommandsByArgv(int argc, char** argv) {
+    std::vector<Command> reorderedCommands;
+
+    // Parse argv to determine the actual order
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+        std::string arg = argv[i];
+
+        if (arg == "--new") {
+            reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::NewLabel, "");
+        } else if (arg == "-t" || arg == "--text") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::Text, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "-f" || arg == "--font") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::Font, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "-s" || arg == "--fontsize") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::FontSize, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "--valign") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::VAlign, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "--halign") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::HAlign, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Only replace if we found relevant commands
+    if (!reorderedCommands.empty()) {
+        mOptions.commands = std::move(reorderedCommands);
+    }
+}
+
 void CliParser::setupParser() {
     // Version callback
     auto printVersion = [this](std::size_t) {
@@ -89,6 +132,12 @@ void CliParser::setupParser() {
     mApp.add_option("--halign", "Horizontal alignment of the following text occurrences")
         ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
         ->each([this](const std::string& align) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::HAlign, align); });
+
+    // Label separator - use an option with multi_option_policy to maintain parse order
+    // We need to use a dummy string parameter since .each() expects a string callback
+    mApp.add_flag("--new", "Start a new label (multiple labels will be stitched together)")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string&) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::NewLabel, ""); });
 }
 
 }  // namespace ptprnt::cli

src/cli/CliParser.hpp

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ class CliParser : public ICliParser {
 
    private:
     void setupParser();
+    void reorderCommandsByArgv(int argc, char** argv);
 
     CLI::App mApp;
     std::string mVersionString;

src/cli/interface/ICliParser.hpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ptprnt::cli {
 /**
  * @brief Types of CLI commands that can be issued
  */
-enum class CommandType { None = 0, Text = 1, FontSize = 2, Font = 3, VAlign = 4, HAlign = 5 };
+enum class CommandType { None = 0, Text = 1, FontSize = 2, Font = 3, VAlign = 4, HAlign = 5, NewLabel = 6 };
 
 /**
  * @brief A command with its type and value
@@ -55,6 +55,12 @@ class ICliParser {
    public:
     virtual ~ICliParser() = default;
 
+    ICliParser()                                   = default;
+    ICliParser(const ICliParser&)                  = default;
+    ICliParser& operator=(const ICliParser&)       = default;
+    ICliParser(ICliParser&&) noexcept              = default;
+    ICliParser& operator=(ICliParser&&) noexcept   = default;
+
     /**
      * @brief Parse command line arguments
      * @param argc Argument count

src/core/PrinterService.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,15 @@ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> PrinterService::detectPrinters() {
     for (auto& usbDev : usbDevs) {
         auto driver = driverFactory->create(usbDev->getUsbId());
         if (driver != nullptr) {
+            // Attach the USB device to the printer driver
+            // Convert unique_ptr to shared_ptr for attachment
+            std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> sharedUsbDev = std::move(usbDev);
+            if (driver->attachUsbDevice(sharedUsbDev)) {
                 mDetectedPrinters.push_back(driver);
+                spdlog::debug("Successfully attached USB device to printer driver: {}", driver->getName());
+            } else {
+                spdlog::warn("Failed to attach USB device to printer driver: {}", driver->getName());
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -59,6 +67,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> PrinterService::selectPrinter(const std::string&
         auto driverFactory = std::make_unique<PrinterDriverFactory>();
         auto printer       = driverFactory->createByName(printerName);
         if (printer) {
+            // For virtual/fake printers, call attachUsbDevice with nullptr to initialize
+            // For real printers selected explicitly, they would need actual USB device
+            printer->attachUsbDevice(nullptr);
             mCurrentPrinter = printer;
             spdlog::info("Using explicitly selected printer: {}", printerName);
             return mCurrentPrinter;

src/graphics/Bitmap.hpp

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <memory>
-#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {

src/graphics/CairoWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Real implementation of ICairoWrapper that forwards to actual Cairo/Pango C API
+ *
+ * This class simply forwards all calls to the real Cairo and Pango library functions.
+ * It's used as the default implementation in production code.
+ */
+class CairoWrapper : public ICairoWrapper {
+   public:
+    ~CairoWrapper() override = default;
+
+    // Cairo image surface functions
+    cairo_surface_t* cairo_image_surface_create(cairo_format_t format, int width, int height) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_create(format, width, height);
+    }
+
+    void cairo_surface_destroy(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { ::cairo_surface_destroy(surface); }
+
+    void cairo_surface_flush(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { ::cairo_surface_flush(surface); }
+
+    void cairo_surface_mark_dirty(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { ::cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surface); }
+
+    cairo_status_t cairo_surface_status(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { return ::cairo_surface_status(surface); }
+
+    cairo_format_t cairo_image_surface_get_format(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_format(surface);
+    }
+
+    int cairo_image_surface_get_width(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
+    }
+
+    int cairo_image_surface_get_height(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
+    }
+
+    int cairo_image_surface_get_stride(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);
+    }
+
+    unsigned char* cairo_image_surface_get_data(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);
+    }
+
+    cairo_status_t cairo_surface_write_to_png(cairo_surface_t* surface, const char* filename) override {
+        return ::cairo_surface_write_to_png(surface, filename);
+    }
+
+    // Cairo context functions
+    cairo_t* cairo_create(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { return ::cairo_create(surface); }
+
+    void cairo_destroy(cairo_t* cr) override { ::cairo_destroy(cr); }
+
+    void cairo_move_to(cairo_t* cr, double x, double y) override { ::cairo_move_to(cr, x, y); }
+
+    void cairo_set_source_rgb(cairo_t* cr, double red, double green, double blue) override {
+        ::cairo_set_source_rgb(cr, red, green, blue);
+    }
+
+    // Pango-Cairo functions
+    PangoFontMap* pango_cairo_font_map_new() override { return ::pango_cairo_font_map_new(); }
+
+    PangoContext* pango_cairo_create_context(cairo_t* cr) override { return ::pango_cairo_create_context(cr); }
+
+    void pango_cairo_show_layout(cairo_t* cr, PangoLayout* layout) override { ::pango_cairo_show_layout(cr, layout); }
+
+    // Pango layout functions
+    PangoLayout* pango_layout_new(PangoContext* context) override { return ::pango_layout_new(context); }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_font_description(PangoLayout* layout, const PangoFontDescription* desc) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, desc);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_text(PangoLayout* layout, const char* text, int length) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_text(layout, text, length);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_height(PangoLayout* layout, int height) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_height(layout, height);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_alignment(PangoLayout* layout, PangoAlignment alignment) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, alignment);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_justify(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_justify(layout, justify);
+    }
+
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    void pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(layout, justify);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void pango_layout_get_size(PangoLayout* layout, int* width, int* height) override {
+        ::pango_layout_get_size(layout, width, height);
+    }
+
+    // Pango font description functions
+    PangoFontDescription* pango_font_description_new() override { return ::pango_font_description_new(); }
+
+    void pango_font_description_set_size(PangoFontDescription* desc, gint size) override {
+        ::pango_font_description_set_size(desc, size);
+    }
+
+    void pango_font_description_set_family(PangoFontDescription* desc, const char* family) override {
+        ::pango_font_description_set_family(desc, family);
+    }
+
+    // GObject reference counting
+    void g_object_unref(gpointer object) override { ::g_object_unref(object); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Label.cpp

@@ -25,37 +25,63 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "cairo.h"
+#include "graphics/CairoWrapper.hpp"
+#include "graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp"
 #include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
 #include "pango/pango-font.h"
 #include "pango/pango-layout.h"
 #include "pango/pango-types.h"
-#include "pango/pangocairo.h"
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {
-Label::Label(const uint16_t heightPixel)
+
-    : mPrinterHeight(heightPixel) {
+// Deleter implementations
-    // Initialize resources in correct order with RAII
+void CairoSurfaceDeleter::operator()(cairo_surface_t* surface) const {
-    mFontMap.reset(pango_cairo_font_map_new());
+    if (surface && wrapper)
+        wrapper->cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
 }
 
-std::vector<uint8_t> Label::getRaw() {
+void CairoDeleter::operator()(cairo_t* cr) const {
+    if (cr && wrapper)
+        wrapper->cairo_destroy(cr);
+}
+
+void GObjectDeleter::operator()(gpointer obj) const {
+    if (obj && wrapper)
+        wrapper->g_object_unref(obj);
+}
+
+// Default constructor - creates real Cairo/Pango wrapper
+Label::Label(const uint16_t heightPixel) : Label(heightPixel, std::make_shared<CairoWrapper>()) {}
+
+// Constructor with dependency injection
+Label::Label(const uint16_t heightPixel, std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> cairoWrapper)
+    : mCairoWrapper(std::move(cairoWrapper)), mPrinterHeight(heightPixel) {
+    // Initialize resources in correct order with RAII
+    // Pass wrapper to deleter so cleanup uses the wrapper
+    GObjectDeleter deleter;
+    deleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    mFontMap        = std::unique_ptr<PangoFontMap, GObjectDeleter>(mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_font_map_new(), deleter);
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> Label::getRaw() const {
     assert(mSurface != nullptr);
     auto* surface = mSurface.get();
 
-    cairo_surface_flush(surface);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(surface);
-    assert(cairo_image_surface_get_format(surface) == CAIRO_FORMAT_A8);
+    assert(mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_format(surface) == CAIRO_FORMAT_A8);
 
-    int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
+    int width  = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
-    int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
+    int height = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
-    int stride = cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);
+    int stride = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);
 
     spdlog::debug("Cairo Surface data: W: {}; H: {}; S:{}", width, height, stride);
 
-    auto data = cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);
+    auto data = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);
 
     // If stride equals width, we can return data directly
     if (stride == width) {
@@ -80,41 +106,41 @@ uint8_t Label::getNumLines(std::string_view strv) {
     return std::count(strv.begin(), strv.end(), '\n');
 }
 
-int Label::getWidth() {
+int Label::getWidth() const {
     // Return the actual Cairo surface width (which is the layout width)
     return mLayoutWidth;
 }
 
-int Label::getHeight() {
+int Label::getHeight() const {
     // Return the actual Cairo surface height (which is the printer height)
     return mPrinterHeight;
 }
 
 void Label::configureLayout(PangoLayout* layout, const std::string& text, PangoFontDescription* fontDesc) {
-    pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, fontDesc);
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, fontDesc);
-    pango_layout_set_text(layout, text.c_str(), static_cast<int>(text.length()));
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_text(layout, text.c_str(), static_cast<int>(text.length()));
-    pango_layout_set_height(layout, getNumLines(text) * -1);
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_height(layout, getNumLines(text) * -1);
 }
 
 void Label::applyHorizontalAlignment(PangoLayout* layout) {
     switch (mHAlign) {
         case HAlignPosition::LEFT:
-            pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT);
             break;
         case HAlignPosition::RIGHT:
-            pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT);
             break;
         case HAlignPosition::JUSTIFY:
-            pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT);
-            pango_layout_set_justify(layout, true);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_justify(layout, true);
 #if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
-            pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(layout, true);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(layout, true);
 #endif
             break;
         case HAlignPosition::CENTER:
             [[fallthrough]];
         default:
-            pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_CENTER);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_CENTER);
             break;
     }
 }
@@ -133,40 +159,49 @@ bool Label::create(const std::string& labelText) {
     // see: https://gist.github.com/CallumDev/7c66b3f9cf7a876ef75f
 
     // Create a temporary surface for layout size calculations
-    auto* tempSurface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, 1, 1);
+    auto* tempSurface  = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, 1, 1);
-    auto* tempCr = cairo_create(tempSurface);
+    auto* tempCr       = mCairoWrapper->cairo_create(tempSurface);
-    auto* tempPangoCtx = pango_cairo_create_context(tempCr);
+    auto* tempPangoCtx = mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_create_context(tempCr);
-    auto* tempPangoLyt = pango_layout_new(tempPangoCtx);
+    auto* tempPangoLyt = mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_new(tempPangoCtx);
 
-    PangoFontDescription* regularFont = pango_font_description_new();
+    PangoFontDescription* regularFont = mCairoWrapper->pango_font_description_new();
-    pango_font_description_set_size(regularFont, static_cast<int>(mFontSize * PANGO_SCALE));
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_font_description_set_size(regularFont, static_cast<int>(mFontSize * PANGO_SCALE));
-    pango_font_description_set_family(regularFont, mFontFamily.c_str());
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_font_description_set_family(regularFont, mFontFamily.c_str());
 
     // Configure temporary layout for size calculation
     configureLayout(tempPangoLyt, labelText, regularFont);
     applyHorizontalAlignment(tempPangoLyt);
 
     // Calculate label size from temporary layout
-    pango_layout_get_size(tempPangoLyt, &mLayoutWidth, &mLayoutHeight);
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_get_size(tempPangoLyt, &mLayoutWidth, &mLayoutHeight);
     mLayoutWidth /= PANGO_SCALE;
     mLayoutHeight /= PANGO_SCALE;
 
     spdlog::debug("Layout width: {}, height: {}", mLayoutWidth, mLayoutHeight);
-    //auto alignedWidth = mLayoutWidth + (8 - (mLayoutWidth % 8));
-    //spdlog::debug("Aligned Layout width: {}, height: {}", alignedWidth, mLayoutHeight);
 
     // Clean up temporary resources
-    g_object_unref(tempPangoLyt);
+    mCairoWrapper->g_object_unref(tempPangoLyt);
-    g_object_unref(tempPangoCtx);
+    mCairoWrapper->g_object_unref(tempPangoCtx);
-    cairo_destroy(tempCr);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_destroy(tempCr);
-    cairo_surface_destroy(tempSurface);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_destroy(tempSurface);
 
     // Now create the final surface and Pango context for actual rendering
-    mSurface.reset(cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, mLayoutWidth, mPrinterHeight));
+    // Create deleters with wrapper reference
-    cairo_t* cr = cairo_create(mSurface.get());
+    CairoSurfaceDeleter surfaceDeleter;
-    mCairoCtx.reset(cr);
+    surfaceDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
-    mPangoCtx.reset(pango_cairo_create_context(cr));
+    CairoDeleter cairoDeleter;
-    mPangoLyt.reset(pango_layout_new(mPangoCtx.get()));
+    cairoDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    GObjectDeleter gobjectDeleter;
+    gobjectDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+
+    mSurface = std::unique_ptr<cairo_surface_t, CairoSurfaceDeleter>(
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, mLayoutWidth, mPrinterHeight), surfaceDeleter);
+    cairo_t* cr = mCairoWrapper->cairo_create(mSurface.get());
+    mCairoCtx   = std::unique_ptr<cairo_t, CairoDeleter>(cr, cairoDeleter);
+    mPangoCtx =
+        std::unique_ptr<PangoContext, GObjectDeleter>(mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_create_context(cr), gobjectDeleter);
+    mPangoLyt =
+        std::unique_ptr<PangoLayout, GObjectDeleter>(mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_new(mPangoCtx.get()), gobjectDeleter);
 
     // Configure final layout with same settings
     configureLayout(mPangoLyt.get(), labelText, regularFont);
@@ -177,31 +212,104 @@ bool Label::create(const std::string& labelText) {
         case VAlignPosition::TOP:
             break;
         case VAlignPosition::BOTTOM:
-            cairo_move_to(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, mPrinterHeight - mLayoutHeight);
+            mCairoWrapper->cairo_move_to(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, mPrinterHeight - mLayoutHeight);
             break;
         case VAlignPosition::MIDDLE:
-            cairo_move_to(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, (mPrinterHeight - mLayoutHeight) / 2);
+            mCairoWrapper->cairo_move_to(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, (mPrinterHeight - mLayoutHeight) / 2);
             break;
         default:
             break;
     }
 
     // Finally show the layout on the Cairo surface
-    pango_cairo_show_layout(mCairoCtx.get(), mPangoLyt.get());
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_show_layout(mCairoCtx.get(), mPangoLyt.get());
 
-    cairo_set_source_rgb(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_set_source_rgb(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-    cairo_surface_flush(mSurface.get());
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(mSurface.get());
     // mCairoCtx smart pointer will handle cleanup
     return true;
 }
 
 void Label::writeToPng(const std::string& file) {
     if (mSurface) {
-        cairo_surface_flush(mSurface.get());
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(mSurface.get());
-        cairo_surface_write_to_png(mSurface.get(), file.c_str());
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_write_to_png(mSurface.get(), file.c_str());
     }
 }
 
+bool Label::append(const ILabel& other, uint32_t spacingPx) {
+    // Check that heights match
+    if (getHeight() != other.getHeight()) {
+        spdlog::error("Cannot append labels with different heights: {} vs {}", getHeight(), other.getHeight());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int currentWidth = getWidth();
+    int otherWidth   = other.getWidth();
+    int height       = getHeight();
+    int spacing      = static_cast<int>(spacingPx);
+    int newWidth     = currentWidth + spacing + otherWidth;
+
+    spdlog::debug("Appending label: current={}x{}, other={}x{}, spacing={}, new={}x{}", currentWidth, height,
+                  otherWidth, height, spacing, newWidth, height);
+
+    // Get current and other label data
+    auto currentData = getRaw();
+    auto otherData   = other.getRaw();
+
+    // Create new surface with extended width
+    CairoSurfaceDeleter surfaceDeleter;
+    surfaceDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    auto newSurface        = std::unique_ptr<cairo_surface_t, CairoSurfaceDeleter>(
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, newWidth, height), surfaceDeleter);
+
+    if (mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_status(newSurface.get()) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to create new surface for appended label");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get data pointer and stride
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(newSurface.get());
+    unsigned char* newData = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_data(newSurface.get());
+    int newStride          = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_stride(newSurface.get());
+
+    // Clear the new surface (set to transparent/white)
+    std::memset(newData, 0x00, newStride * height);
+
+    // Copy current label data
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < currentWidth; ++x) {
+            size_t srcIdx = y * currentWidth + x;
+            size_t dstIdx = y * newStride + x;
+            if (srcIdx < currentData.size()) {
+                newData[dstIdx] = currentData[srcIdx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Copy other label data (with spacing offset)
+    int xOffset = currentWidth + spacing;
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < otherWidth; ++x) {
+            size_t srcIdx = y * otherWidth + x;
+            size_t dstIdx = y * newStride + (xOffset + x);
+            if (srcIdx < otherData.size()) {
+                newData[dstIdx] = otherData[srcIdx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_mark_dirty(newSurface.get());
+
+    // Replace current surface with new one
+    mSurface = std::move(newSurface);
+
+    // Update layout dimensions
+    mLayoutWidth = newWidth;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 void Label::setFontSize(const double fontSize) {
     mFontSize = fontSize;
 }

src/graphics/Label.hpp

@@ -32,31 +32,34 @@
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {
 
-// Custom deleters for Cairo/Pango resources
+// Forward declaration
+class ICairoWrapper;
+
+// Custom deleters for Cairo/Pango resources that use the wrapper
+// Implementation in Label.cpp to avoid incomplete type issues
 struct CairoSurfaceDeleter {
-    void operator()(cairo_surface_t* surface) const {
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> wrapper;
-        if (surface)
+    void operator()(cairo_surface_t* surface) const;
-            cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
-    }
 };
 
 struct CairoDeleter {
-    void operator()(cairo_t* cr) const {
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> wrapper;
-        if (cr)
+    void operator()(cairo_t* cr) const;
-            cairo_destroy(cr);
-    }
 };
 
 struct GObjectDeleter {
-    void operator()(gpointer obj) const {
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> wrapper;
-        if (obj)
+    void operator()(gpointer obj) const;
-            g_object_unref(obj);
-    }
 };
 
 class Label : public ILabel {
    public:
-    Label(const uint16_t heightPixel);
+    // Default constructor using real Cairo/Pango implementation
+    explicit Label(uint16_t heightPixel);
+
+    // Constructor for dependency injection (testing)
+    Label(uint16_t heightPixel, std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> cairoWrapper);
+
     ~Label() override;
 
     Label(const Label&)            = delete;
@@ -67,9 +70,9 @@ class Label : public ILabel {
     bool create(PrintableText printableText) override;
     bool create(const std::string& labelText) override;
     void writeToPng(const std::string& file);
-    [[nodiscard]] int getWidth() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] int getWidth() const override;
-    [[nodiscard]] int getHeight() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] int getHeight() const override;
-    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<uint8_t> getRaw() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<uint8_t> getRaw() const override;
     void setFontSize(const double fontSize) override;
     void setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) override;
 
@@ -77,6 +80,8 @@ class Label : public ILabel {
     void setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos) override;
     void setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos) override;
 
+    bool append(const ILabel& other, uint32_t spacingPx = 60) override;
+
    private:
     // methods
     [[nodiscard]] uint8_t getNumLines(std::string_view str);
@@ -84,6 +89,9 @@ class Label : public ILabel {
     void configureLayout(PangoLayout* layout, const std::string& text, PangoFontDescription* fontDesc);
     void applyHorizontalAlignment(PangoLayout* layout);
 
+    // Cairo/Pango wrapper for dependency injection
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> mCairoWrapper;
+
     std::unique_ptr<cairo_surface_t, CairoSurfaceDeleter> mSurface{nullptr};
     std::unique_ptr<cairo_t, CairoDeleter> mCairoCtx{nullptr};
     std::unique_ptr<PangoContext, GObjectDeleter> mPangoCtx{nullptr};

src/graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cairo.h>
+#include <pango/pango.h>
+#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Interface wrapper for Cairo and Pango C API functions
+ *
+ * This interface allows for dependency injection and mocking of Cairo/Pango
+ * functionality in unit tests, making the Label class fully testable.
+ */
+class ICairoWrapper {
+   public:
+    virtual ~ICairoWrapper() = default;
+
+    // Cairo image surface functions
+    virtual cairo_surface_t* cairo_image_surface_create(cairo_format_t format, int width, int height) = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_surface_destroy(cairo_surface_t* surface)                                      = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_surface_flush(cairo_surface_t* surface)                                        = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_surface_mark_dirty(cairo_surface_t* surface)                                   = 0;
+    virtual cairo_status_t cairo_surface_status(cairo_surface_t* surface)                             = 0;
+    virtual cairo_format_t cairo_image_surface_get_format(cairo_surface_t* surface)                   = 0;
+    virtual int cairo_image_surface_get_width(cairo_surface_t* surface)                               = 0;
+    virtual int cairo_image_surface_get_height(cairo_surface_t* surface)                              = 0;
+    virtual int cairo_image_surface_get_stride(cairo_surface_t* surface)                              = 0;
+    virtual unsigned char* cairo_image_surface_get_data(cairo_surface_t* surface)                     = 0;
+    virtual cairo_status_t cairo_surface_write_to_png(cairo_surface_t* surface, const char* filename) = 0;
+
+    // Cairo context functions
+    virtual cairo_t* cairo_create(cairo_surface_t* surface)                               = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_destroy(cairo_t* cr)                                               = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_move_to(cairo_t* cr, double x, double y)                           = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_set_source_rgb(cairo_t* cr, double red, double green, double blue) = 0;
+
+    // Pango-Cairo functions
+    virtual PangoFontMap* pango_cairo_font_map_new()                       = 0;
+    virtual PangoContext* pango_cairo_create_context(cairo_t* cr)          = 0;
+    virtual void pango_cairo_show_layout(cairo_t* cr, PangoLayout* layout) = 0;
+
+    // Pango layout functions
+    virtual PangoLayout* pango_layout_new(PangoContext* context)                                          = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_font_description(PangoLayout* layout, const PangoFontDescription* desc) = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_text(PangoLayout* layout, const char* text, int length)                 = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_height(PangoLayout* layout, int height)                                 = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_alignment(PangoLayout* layout, PangoAlignment alignment)                = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_justify(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify)                          = 0;
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify) = 0;
+#endif
+    virtual void pango_layout_get_size(PangoLayout* layout, int* width, int* height) = 0;
+
+    // Pango font description functions
+    virtual PangoFontDescription* pango_font_description_new()                                     = 0;
+    virtual void pango_font_description_set_size(PangoFontDescription* desc, gint size)            = 0;
+    virtual void pango_font_description_set_family(PangoFontDescription* desc, const char* family) = 0;
+
+    // GObject reference counting
+    virtual void g_object_unref(gpointer object) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp

@@ -67,14 +67,22 @@ class ILabel {
 
     virtual bool create(PrintableText printableText)     = 0;
     virtual bool create(const std::string& labelText)    = 0;
-    virtual std::vector<uint8_t> getRaw()             = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<uint8_t> getRaw() const          = 0;
-    virtual int getWidth()                            = 0;
+    virtual int getWidth() const                         = 0;
-    virtual int getHeight()                           = 0;
+    virtual int getHeight() const                        = 0;
 
     virtual void setText(const std::string& text)             = 0;
     virtual void setFontSize(const double fontSize)           = 0;
     virtual void setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) = 0;
     virtual void setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos)               = 0;
     virtual void setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos)               = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Append another label horizontally with spacing
+     * @param other The label to append
+     * @param spacingPx Spacing between labels in pixels (default: 60px ~5mm at 300dpi)
+     * @return true on success, false if heights don't match
+     */
+    virtual bool append(const ILabel& other, uint32_t spacingPx = 60) = 0;
 };
 }  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/printers/FakePrinter.cpp

@@ -39,27 +39,30 @@ const PrinterInfo FakePrinter::mInfo = {.driverName = "FakePrinter",
                                         .usbId{0x0000, 0x0000},  // No USB ID - virtual printer created explicitly
                                         .pixelLines = 128};
 
-const std::string_view FakePrinter::getDriverName() {
+std::string_view FakePrinter::getDriverName() {
     return mInfo.driverName;
 }
 
-const std::string_view FakePrinter::getName() {
+std::string_view FakePrinter::getName() {
     return mInfo.name;
 }
 
-const std::string_view FakePrinter::getVersion() {
+std::string_view FakePrinter::getVersion() {
     return mInfo.version;
 }
 
-const PrinterInfo FakePrinter::getPrinterInfo() {
+PrinterInfo FakePrinter::getPrinterInfo() {
     return mInfo;
 }
 
-const PrinterStatus FakePrinter::getPrinterStatus() {
+PrinterStatus FakePrinter::getPrinterStatus() {
+    if (!mHasAttachedDevice) {
+        return {};
+    }
     return mStatus;
 }
 
-const libusbwrap::usbId FakePrinter::getUsbId() {
+libusbwrap::usbId FakePrinter::getUsbId() {
     return mInfo.usbId;
 }
 
@@ -86,6 +89,9 @@ bool FakePrinter::printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap)
 }
 
 bool FakePrinter::printMonochromeData(const graphics::MonochromeData& data) {
+    if (!mHasAttachedDevice) {
+        return false;
+    }
     spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Simulating printing of {}x{} bitmap", data.width, data.height);
 
     // Simulate the printing process by reconstructing the bitmap
@@ -125,6 +131,9 @@ bool FakePrinter::printLabel(const std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) {
 }
 
 bool FakePrinter::print() {
+    if (!mHasAttachedDevice) {
+        return false;
+    }
     spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Print command (no-op for virtual printer)");
     return true;
 }

src/printers/FakePrinter.hpp

@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ class FakePrinter : public ::ptprnt::IPrinterDriver {
     static const PrinterInfo mInfo;
 
     // IPrinterDriver interface
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getDriverName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getDriverName() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getName() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getVersion() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getVersion() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
     bool attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) override;
     bool detachUsbDevice() override;
     bool printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) override;

src/printers/P700Printer.cpp

@@ -48,24 +48,30 @@ P700Printer::~P700Printer() {
     }
 }
 
-const std::string_view P700Printer::getDriverName() {
+std::string_view P700Printer::getDriverName() {
     return mInfo.driverName;
 }
 
-const std::string_view P700Printer::getName() {
+std::string_view P700Printer::getName() {
     return mInfo.name;
 }
 
-const std::string_view P700Printer::getVersion() {
+std::string_view P700Printer::getVersion() {
     return mInfo.version;
 }
 
-const PrinterInfo P700Printer::getPrinterInfo() {
+PrinterInfo P700Printer::getPrinterInfo() {
     return mInfo;
 }
 
-const PrinterStatus P700Printer::getPrinterStatus() {
+PrinterStatus P700Printer::getPrinterStatus() {
     using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+    if (!mUsbHndl) {
+        spdlog::error("USB Handle is invalid!");
+        return {};
+    }
+
     send(p700::commands::GET_STATUS);
 
     int tx    = 0;
@@ -79,7 +85,7 @@ const PrinterStatus P700Printer::getPrinterStatus() {
     return PrinterStatus{.tapeWidthMm = recvBuf[10]};
 }
 
-const libusbwrap::usbId P700Printer::getUsbId() {
+libusbwrap::usbId P700Printer::getUsbId() {
     return mInfo.usbId;
 }
 

src/printers/P700Printer.hpp

@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ class P700Printer : public ::ptprnt::IPrinterDriver {
     static const PrinterInfo mInfo;
 
     // IPrinterDriver
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getDriverName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getDriverName() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getName() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getVersion() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getVersion() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
     bool attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) override;
     bool detachUsbDevice() override;
     bool printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) override;

src/printers/interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp

@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ namespace ptprnt {
 class IPrinterDriver {
    public:
     virtual ~IPrinterDriver()                                                     = default;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::string_view getDriverName()                  = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string_view getDriverName()                        = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::string_view getName()                        = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string_view getName()                              = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::string_view getVersion()                     = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string_view getVersion()                           = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId()                      = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId()                            = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo()                      = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo()                            = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus()                  = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus()                        = 0;
     virtual bool attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) = 0;
     virtual bool detachUsbDevice()                                                = 0;
     virtual bool printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap)    = 0;

subprojects/cli11.wrap

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 [wrap-file]
-directory = CLI11-2.3.2
+directory = CLI11-2.5.0
-source_url = https://github.com/CLIUtils/CLI11/archive/refs/tags/v2.3.2.tar.gz
+source_url = https://github.com/CLIUtils/CLI11/archive/refs/tags/v2.5.0.tar.gz
-source_filename = CLI11-2.3.2.tar.gz
+source_filename = CLI11-2.5.0.tar.gz
-source_hash = aac0ab42108131ac5d3344a9db0fdf25c4db652296641955720a4fbe52334e22
+source_hash = 17e02b4cddc2fa348e5dbdbb582c59a3486fa2b2433e70a0c3bacb871334fd55
-wrapdb_version = 2.3.2-1
+source_fallback_url = https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapdb/releases/download/cli11_2.5.0-2/CLI11-2.5.0.tar.gz
+wrapdb_version = 2.5.0-2
 
 [provide]
-cli11 = CLI11_dep
+dependency_names = CLI11

subprojects/gtest.wrap

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [wrap-file]
-directory = googletest-1.14.0
+directory = googletest-1.17.0
-source_url = https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.0.tar.gz
+source_url = https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.17.0.tar.gz
-source_filename = gtest-1.14.0.tar.gz
+source_filename = googletest-1.17.0.tar.gz
-source_hash = 8ad598c73ad796e0d8280b082cebd82a630d73e73cd3c70057938a6501bba5d7
+source_hash = 65fab701d9829d38cb77c14acdc431d2108bfdbf8979e40eb8ae567edf10b27c
-patch_filename = gtest_1.14.0-1_patch.zip
+patch_filename = gtest_1.17.0-4_patch.zip
-patch_url = https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/v2/gtest_1.14.0-1/get_patch
+patch_url = https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/v2/gtest_1.17.0-4/get_patch
-patch_hash = 2e693c7d3f9370a7aa6dac802bada0874d3198ad4cfdf75647b818f691182b50
+patch_hash = 3abf7662d09db706453a5b064a1e914678c74b9d9b0b19382747ca561d0d8750
-source_fallback_url = https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapdb/releases/download/gtest_1.14.0-1/gtest-1.14.0.tar.gz
+source_fallback_url = https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapdb/releases/download/gtest_1.17.0-4/googletest-1.17.0.tar.gz
-wrapdb_version = 1.14.0-1
+wrapdb_version = 1.17.0-4
 
 [provide]
 gtest = gtest_dep

tests/bitmap_test/bitmap_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

tests/label_test/label_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -19,8 +19,244 @@
 
 #include "graphics/Label.hpp"
 
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-TEST(basic_test, Label_smokeTest_succeeds) {
+#include <memory>
-    auto im = ptprnt::graphics::Label(4711);
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../../tests/mocks/MockCairoWrapper.hpp"
+#include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
+
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::DoAll;
+using ::testing::NiceMock;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SetArgPointee;
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+// Test fixture for Label tests with comprehensive mock setup
+class LabelTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mockWrapper = std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockCairoWrapper>>();
+
+        // Mock pointers for temporary surface (used in size calculation)
+        mockTempSurface = reinterpret_cast<cairo_surface_t*>(0x2000);
+        mockTempCr      = reinterpret_cast<cairo_t*>(0x2001);
+        mockTempCtx     = reinterpret_cast<PangoContext*>(0x2002);
+        mockTempLayout  = reinterpret_cast<PangoLayout*>(0x2003);
+
+        // Mock pointers for final surface (used in rendering)
+        mockFinalSurface = reinterpret_cast<cairo_surface_t*>(0x3000);
+        mockFinalCr      = reinterpret_cast<cairo_t*>(0x3001);
+        mockFinalCtx     = reinterpret_cast<PangoContext*>(0x3002);
+        mockFinalLayout  = reinterpret_cast<PangoLayout*>(0x3003);
+
+        // Mock font description
+        mockFontDesc = reinterpret_cast<PangoFontDescription*>(0x2004);
+
+        // Default layout size: 100x30 pixels (in PANGO_SCALE units)
+        defaultLayoutWidth  = 100;
+        defaultLayoutHeight = 30;
+
+        SetupDefaultBehaviors();
     }
+
+    void SetupDefaultBehaviors() {
+        // Font map
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_font_map_new())
+            .WillByDefault(Return(reinterpret_cast<PangoFontMap*>(0x1000)));
+
+        // Temporary surface creation (for size calculation)
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, 1, 1)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempSurface));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_create(mockTempSurface)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempCr));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_create_context(mockTempCr)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempCtx));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_new(mockTempCtx)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempLayout));
+
+        // Final surface creation (for rendering) - use _ for width since it varies
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, _, _))
+            .WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalSurface));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_create(mockFinalSurface)).WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalCr));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_create_context(mockFinalCr)).WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalCtx));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_new(mockFinalCtx)).WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalLayout));
+
+        // Font description
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_font_description_new()).WillByDefault(Return(mockFontDesc));
+
+        // Layout size - return default dimensions
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_get_size(_, _, _))
+            .WillByDefault(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(defaultLayoutWidth * PANGO_SCALE),
+                                 SetArgPointee<2>(defaultLayoutHeight * PANGO_SCALE)));
+
+        // Surface status - always success
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_surface_status(_)).WillByDefault(Return(CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS));
+
+        // Surface properties for getRaw()
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_format(_)).WillByDefault(Return(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_width(_)).WillByDefault(Return(defaultLayoutWidth));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_height(_)).WillByDefault(Return(128));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_stride(_)).WillByDefault(Return(defaultLayoutWidth));
+
+        // Mock data pointer
+        mockSurfaceData.resize(defaultLayoutWidth * 128, 0xFF);
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_data(_)).WillByDefault(Return(mockSurfaceData.data()));
+    }
+
+    // Helper method to set custom layout dimensions
+    void SetLayoutSize(int width, int height) {
+        defaultLayoutWidth  = width;
+        defaultLayoutHeight = height;
+
+        // Update the mock to return new dimensions
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_get_size(_, _, _))
+            .WillByDefault(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(width * PANGO_SCALE), SetArgPointee<2>(height * PANGO_SCALE)));
+
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_width(_)).WillByDefault(Return(width));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_stride(_)).WillByDefault(Return(width));
+
+        // Resize mock data
+        mockSurfaceData.resize(width * 128, 0xFF);
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_data(_)).WillByDefault(Return(mockSurfaceData.data()));
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<MockCairoWrapper>> mockWrapper;
+
+    // Mock pointers
+    cairo_surface_t* mockTempSurface;
+    cairo_t* mockTempCr;
+    PangoContext* mockTempCtx;
+    PangoLayout* mockTempLayout;
+
+    cairo_surface_t* mockFinalSurface;
+    cairo_t* mockFinalCr;
+    PangoContext* mockFinalCtx;
+    PangoLayout* mockFinalLayout;
+
+    PangoFontDescription* mockFontDesc;
+
+    // Default layout dimensions
+    int defaultLayoutWidth;
+    int defaultLayoutHeight;
+
+    // Mock surface data
+    std::vector<unsigned char> mockSurfaceData;
+};
+
+// Smoke test with real Cairo/Pango
+TEST(basic_test, Label_smokeTest_succeeds) {
+    auto label = Label(128);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 128);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), 0);  // No label created yet
+}
+
+// Constructor test with mock
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Constructor_InitializesFontMap) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_font_map_new()).Times(1);
+
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 128);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), 0);
+}
+
+// Test getters before label creation
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Getters_BeforeCreate_ReturnDefaults) {
+    auto label = Label(256, mockWrapper);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 256);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), 0);
+}
+
+// Test setters
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Setters_ModifyProperties) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+
+    label.setFontSize(24.0);
+    label.setFontFamily("Arial");
+    label.setText("Test");
+    label.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::CENTER);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::BOTTOM);
+
+    // Properties are set (no way to verify without create, but no crash is good)
+    SUCCEED();
+}
+
+// Test create() - basic functionality with simplified setup
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithText_Succeeds) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setFontSize(12.0);
+    label.setFontFamily("Sans");
+
+    bool result = label.create("Hello");
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), defaultLayoutWidth);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 128);
+}
+
+// Test horizontal alignment - RIGHT
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithRightAlignment_SetsCorrectPangoAlignment) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::RIGHT);
+
+    // Verify RIGHT alignment is set (temp + final layout)
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_alignment(_, PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT)).Times(2);
+
+    label.create("Right");
+}
+
+// Test horizontal alignment - JUSTIFY
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithJustifyAlignment_SetsJustifyAndAlignment) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::JUSTIFY);
+
+    // Verify JUSTIFY requires LEFT alignment + justify flag
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_alignment(_, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT)).Times(2);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_justify(_, true)).Times(2);
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(_, true)).Times(2);
+#endif
+
+    label.create("Justify");
+}
+
+// Test vertical alignment - TOP (no cairo_move_to)
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithTopAlignment_NoMoveToCall) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::TOP);
+
+    // TOP alignment should NOT call cairo_move_to
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_move_to(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+    label.create("Top");
+}
+
+// Test vertical alignment - BOTTOM
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithBottomAlignment_CallsMoveToWithCorrectOffset) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::BOTTOM);
+
+    SetLayoutSize(50, 20);  // Use helper to set custom size
+
+    // BOTTOM alignment: offset = printerHeight - layoutHeight = 128 - 20 = 108
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_move_to(mockFinalCr, 0.0, 108.0)).Times(1);
+
+    label.create("Bottom");
+}
+
+// Test vertical alignment - MIDDLE
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithMiddleAlignment_CallsMoveToWithCenteredOffset) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::MIDDLE);
+
+    SetLayoutSize(50, 20);  // Use helper to set custom size
+
+    // MIDDLE alignment: offset = (printerHeight - layoutHeight) / 2 = (128 - 20) / 2 = 54
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_move_to(mockFinalCr, 0.0, 54.0)).Times(1);
+
+    label.create("Middle");
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

tests/meson.build

@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ tests = [
         'bitmap_test_exe',
         ['../src/graphics/Bitmap.cpp', 'bitmap_test/bitmap_test.cpp'],
     ],
-    [
-        'label_test',
-        'label_test_exe',
-        ['../src/graphics/Label.cpp', 'label_test/label_test.cpp'],
-    ],
     [
         'monochrome_test',
         'monochrome_test_exe',
@@ -36,3 +31,21 @@ foreach test : tests
         ),
     )
 endforeach
+
+# Label test requires GMock for mocking Cairo/Pango
+test(
+    'label_test',
+    executable(
+        'label_test_exe',
+        sources: ['../src/graphics/Label.cpp', 'label_test/label_test.cpp'],
+        include_directories: incdir,
+        dependencies: [
+            gmock_dep,
+            gtest_dep,
+            usb_dep,
+            log_dep,
+            pangocairo_dep,
+            cli11_dep,
+        ],
+    ),
+)

tests/mocks/MockCairoWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include "graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief GMock implementation of ICairoWrapper for unit testing
+ *
+ * This mock allows tests to verify that the Label class correctly interacts
+ * with the Cairo/Pango API without requiring actual graphics rendering.
+ */
+class MockCairoWrapper : public ICairoWrapper {
+   public:
+    // Cairo image surface functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_surface_t*, cairo_image_surface_create, (cairo_format_t format, int width, int height),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_surface_destroy, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_surface_flush, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_surface_mark_dirty, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_status_t, cairo_surface_status, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_format_t, cairo_image_surface_get_format, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int, cairo_image_surface_get_width, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int, cairo_image_surface_get_height, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int, cairo_image_surface_get_stride, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(unsigned char*, cairo_image_surface_get_data, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_status_t, cairo_surface_write_to_png, (cairo_surface_t * surface, const char* filename),
+                (override));
+
+    // Cairo context functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_t*, cairo_create, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_destroy, (cairo_t * cr), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_move_to, (cairo_t * cr, double x, double y), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_set_source_rgb, (cairo_t * cr, double red, double green, double blue), (override));
+
+    // Pango-Cairo functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoFontMap*, pango_cairo_font_map_new, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoContext*, pango_cairo_create_context, (cairo_t * cr), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_cairo_show_layout, (cairo_t * cr, PangoLayout* layout), (override));
+
+    // Pango layout functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoLayout*, pango_layout_new, (PangoContext * context), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_font_description, (PangoLayout * layout, const PangoFontDescription* desc),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_text, (PangoLayout * layout, const char* text, int length), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_height, (PangoLayout * layout, int height), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_alignment, (PangoLayout * layout, PangoAlignment alignment), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_justify, (PangoLayout * layout, gboolean justify), (override));
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_justify_last_line, (PangoLayout * layout, gboolean justify), (override));
+#endif
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_get_size, (PangoLayout * layout, int* width, int* height), (override));
+
+    // Pango font description functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoFontDescription*, pango_font_description_new, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_font_description_set_size, (PangoFontDescription * desc, gint size), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_font_description_set_family, (PangoFontDescription * desc, const char* family),
+                (override));
+
+    // GObject reference counting
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, g_object_unref, (gpointer object), (override));
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

tests/monochrome_test/monochrome_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by