Remove unused includes

Reviewed-on: moritz/ptouch-prnt#16

.clang-format

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
 BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
 BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
 BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
-ColumnLimit: 100
+ColumnLimit: 120
 CompactNamespaces: false
 ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
 Cpp11BracedListStyle: true

.clang-tidy

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Checks: "clang-diagnostic-*,clang-analyzer-*,cppcoreguidelines-*,modernize-*,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type"
 WarningsAsErrors: true
 HeaderFilterRegex: ""
-AnalyzeTemporaryDtors: false
 FormatStyle: google
 CheckOptions:
   - key: cert-dcl16-c.NewSuffixes

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       "name": "Linux",
       "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang",
       "cStandard": "c11",
-      "cppStandard": "c++17",
+      "cppStandard": "c++20",
       "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/builddir/compile_commands.json",
       "browse": {
         "path": ["${workspaceFolder}"]

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -10,9 +10,21 @@
       "request": "launch",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/builddir/ptprnt",
       "args": [
-        "-t Hello"
+        "-t i"
       ],
-      "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+      "stopAtEntry": false,
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+      "environment": [],
+      "externalConsole": false,
+      "MIMode": "gdb",
+      "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
+      "setupCommands": [
+        {
+          "description": "Automatische Strukturierung und Einrückung für \"gdb\" aktivieren",
+          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+          "ignoreFailures": true
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ]
 }

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "clangd.arguments": ["-background-index", "-compile-commands-dir=builddir/"],
+  "clangd.arguments": [
+    "-background-index",
+    "-compile-commands-dir=builddir/"
+  ],
   "editor.formatOnType": false,
   "editor.formatOnSave": true,
   "files.associations": {
@@ -83,8 +86,16 @@
     "charconv": "cpp",
     "*.ipp": "cpp"
   },
-  "clang-tidy.buildPath": "builddir/",
   "clangd.onConfigChanged": "restart",
-  "C_Cpp.default.compileCommands": "/home/moritz/src/ptouch-prnt/builddir/compile_commands.json",
+  "cSpell.words": [
-  "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "mesonbuild.mesonbuild"
+    "fakelabel",
-}
+    "fontsize",
+    "gboolean",
+    "gint",
+    "gobject",
+    "halign",
+    "libusb",
+    "ptrnt",
+    "strv"
+  ],
+}

generate_coverage.sh

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 SCRIPT_PATH="$( cd -- "$(dirname "$0")" >/dev/null 2>&1 ; pwd -P )"
 HTML_COV_PATH="coverageReport/html"
+XML_COV_PATH="coverageReport/xml"
 HTML_START_FILE="index.html"
 
 echo "Generating Coverage report for ptouch-prnt"
@@ -12,10 +13,15 @@ ninja -C builddir test
 mkdir -p ${HTML_COV_PATH}
 gcovr --html --html-details --html-syntax-highlighting --filter src --output ${HTML_COV_PATH}/${HTML_START_FILE}
 
+mkdir -p ${XML_COV_PATH}
+gcovr --xml-pretty --filter src --output ${XML_COV_PATH}/cov.xml
+
 if [ $? ] 
 then
   echo "Coverage report successful generated!"
   echo "Open: file://${SCRIPT_PATH}/${HTML_COV_PATH}/${HTML_START_FILE}"
 else
   echo "Error generating coverage report!"
-fi
+fi
+
+rm *.gcov

hooks/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Git Hooks
+
+This directory contains git hooks for the ptouch-prnt repository.
+
+## Installation
+
+To install the hooks, run:
+
+```bash
+./hooks/install_hooks.sh
+```
+
+This will copy all hooks from this directory to `.git/hooks/` and make them executable.
+
+## Available Hooks
+
+### pre-commit
+
+The pre-commit hook automatically updates copyright headers in source files before each commit.
+
+**What it does:**
+- Runs `scripts/update_copyright.sh` to update copyright years in source files
+- Automatically re-stages any modified files
+- Ensures copyright headers are always up-to-date
+
+**Requirements:**
+- `scripts/update_copyright.sh` must exist and be executable
+
+## Skipping Hooks
+
+If you need to skip the pre-commit hook for a specific commit (not recommended), use:
+
+```bash
+git commit --no-verify
+```
+
+## Uninstalling
+
+To remove a hook, simply delete it from `.git/hooks/`:
+
+```bash
+rm .git/hooks/pre-commit
+```

hooks/install_hooks.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Install git hooks for ptouch-prnt repository
+
+set -e
+
+# Colors for output
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# Get the root directory of the git repository
+ROOT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)
+
+if [ -z "$ROOT_DIR" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: Not in a git repository${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/hooks"
+HOOKS_TARGET_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/.git/hooks"
+
+echo "Installing git hooks..."
+echo "  Source: $HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR"
+echo "  Target: $HOOKS_TARGET_DIR"
+echo ""
+
+# Check if hooks directory exists
+if [ ! -d "$HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: Hooks source directory not found: $HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if .git/hooks directory exists
+if [ ! -d "$HOOKS_TARGET_DIR" ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}Error: Git hooks directory not found: $HOOKS_TARGET_DIR${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Install each hook
+installed_count=0
+for hook_file in "$HOOKS_SOURCE_DIR"/*; do
+    # Skip the install script itself
+    if [[ "$(basename "$hook_file")" == "install_hooks.sh" ]]; then
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    # Skip if not a file
+    if [ ! -f "$hook_file" ]; then
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    hook_name=$(basename "$hook_file")
+    target_file="$HOOKS_TARGET_DIR/$hook_name"
+
+    # Check if hook already exists
+    if [ -f "$target_file" ]; then
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Warning: Hook already exists: $hook_name${NC}"
+        read -p "  Overwrite? (y/N) " -n 1 -r
+        echo
+        if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+            echo "  Skipped: $hook_name"
+            continue
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    # Copy and make executable
+    cp "$hook_file" "$target_file"
+    chmod +x "$target_file"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} Installed: $hook_name"
+    ((installed_count++))
+done
+
+echo ""
+if [ $installed_count -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}No hooks were installed${NC}"
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}Successfully installed $installed_count hook(s)${NC}"
+fi
+
+# Verify update_copyright.sh exists and is executable
+if [ -f "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" ]; then
+    if [ ! -x "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" ]; then
+        echo ""
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Making update_copyright.sh executable...${NC}"
+        chmod +x "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh"
+        echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} update_copyright.sh is now executable"
+    fi
+else
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Warning: scripts/update_copyright.sh not found${NC}"
+    echo "  The pre-commit hook requires this script to function properly"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "Hook installation complete!"

hooks/pre-commit

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Pre-commit hook to update copyright headers
+
+# Get the root directory of the git repository
+ROOT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
+
+# Check if update_copyright.sh exists and is executable
+if [ ! -x "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" ]; then
+    echo "Warning: scripts/update_copyright.sh not found or not executable"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get list of staged C++ source files
+STAGED_FILES=$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACM | grep -E '\.(cpp|hpp|h|c|cc)$' || true)
+
+if [ -z "$STAGED_FILES" ]; then
+    # No C++ files staged, nothing to do
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+echo "Updating copyright headers for staged files..."
+
+# Update copyright for each staged file
+updated=0
+for file in $STAGED_FILES; do
+    if [ -f "$ROOT_DIR/$file" ]; then
+        # Run update_copyright.sh on the file
+        if "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/update_copyright.sh" "$ROOT_DIR/$file" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+            # Re-stage the file if it was modified
+            git add "$ROOT_DIR/$file"
+            echo "  ✓ Updated: $file"
+            ((updated++))
+        fi
+    fi
+done
+
+if [ $updated -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo "Updated copyright headers in $updated file(s)"
+else
+    echo "No copyright headers needed updating"
+fi
+
+exit 0

meson.build

@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
-project('ptprnt', 'cpp',
+project(
-    version: 'v0.1.0-'+run_command('git', 'rev-parse',  '--short', 'HEAD', check: true).stdout().strip(),
+    'ptprnt',
+    'cpp',
+    version: 'v0.1.0-' + run_command(
+        'git',
+        'rev-parse',
+        '--short',
+        'HEAD',
+        check: true,
+    ).stdout().strip(),
     license: 'GPLv3',
-    default_options : ['c_std=c11', 'cpp_std=c++17']    
+    default_options: [
+        'c_std=c11',
+        'cpp_std=c++20',
+        'b_sanitize=none',
+        'b_lto=true',
+        'b_lto_mode=thin',
+        'b_thinlto_cache=true',
+    ],
 )
 
 usb_dep = dependency('libusb-1.0')
@@ -20,24 +35,34 @@ incdir = include_directories('src')
 
 subdir('src')
 
+# Build arguments
+cpp_args = ['-DPROJ_VERSION="' + meson.project_version() + '"']
+
+# USB trace mode option (for debugging without sending to hardware)
+if get_option('usb_trace_only')
+    cpp_args += ['-DUSB_TRACE_ONLY']
+    message('USB_TRACE_ONLY enabled: USB data will be logged but not sent to device')
+endif
+
 ptprnt_exe = executable(
-    'ptprnt', 
+    'ptprnt',
     'src/main.cpp',
     install: true,
-    dependencies : [usb_dep, log_dep, fmt_dep, pangocairo_dep, cli11_dep],
+    dependencies: [usb_dep, log_dep, fmt_dep, pangocairo_dep, cli11_dep],
     include_directories: incdir,
     sources: [ptprnt_srcs],
-    cpp_args : ['-DPROJ_VERSION="'+meson.project_version()+'"'],
+    cpp_args: cpp_args,
 )
 
 
 ### Unit tests
 
-# GTest
+# GTest and GMock
 gtest_proj = subproject('gtest')
 gtest_dep = gtest_proj.get_variable('gtest_main_dep')
+gmock_dep = gtest_proj.get_variable('gmock_main_dep')
 if not gtest_dep.found()
     error('MESON_SKIP_TEST: gtest not installed.')
 endif
 
-subdir('tests')
+subdir('tests')

meson_options.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+option('usb_trace_only',
+  type: 'boolean',
+  value: false,
+  description: 'Enable USB trace mode: log USB data without sending to device (saves label tape during debugging)')

scripts/update_copyright.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# update_copyright.sh
+# Updates copyright year ranges in a source file based on git history
+#
+# Usage: ./update_copyright.sh [--dry-run] <file>
+#
+# Examples:
+#   # Update a single file
+#   ./update_copyright.sh src/main.cpp
+#
+#   # Dry-run on a single file
+#   ./update_copyright.sh --dry-run src/main.cpp
+#
+#   # Update all C++ files using find -exec
+#   find src \( -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.hpp" \) -exec ./update_copyright.sh {} \;
+#
+#   # Dry-run on all C++ files
+#   find src \( -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.hpp" \) -exec ./update_copyright.sh --dry-run {} \;
+
+set -e
+
+# Check for dry-run flag
+DRY_RUN=false
+FILE=""
+
+if [ "$1" = "--dry-run" ]; then
+    DRY_RUN=true
+    FILE="$2"
+elif [ "$1" = "--help" ] || [ "$1" = "-h" ]; then
+    grep "^#" "$0" | sed 's/^# \?//'
+    exit 0
+else
+    FILE="$1"
+fi
+
+# Check if file argument provided
+if [ -z "$FILE" ]; then
+    echo "Error: No file specified"
+    echo "Usage: $0 [--dry-run] <file>"
+    echo "Run '$0 --help' for more information"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if file exists
+if [ ! -f "$FILE" ]; then
+    echo "Error: File not found: $FILE"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Get the repository root
+REPO_ROOT=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
+cd "$REPO_ROOT"
+
+# Copyright holder name
+COPYRIGHT_HOLDER="Moritz Martinius"
+
+# Function to get first and last commit years for a file
+get_years_for_file() {
+    local file="$1"
+
+    # Get the year of the first commit that touched this file
+    first_year=$(git log --follow --format=%ad --date=format:%Y --reverse "$file" 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+
+    # Get the year of the last commit that touched this file
+    last_year=$(git log --follow --format=%ad --date=format:%Y -1 "$file" 2>/dev/null)
+
+    # If file is not in git, use current year
+    if [ -z "$first_year" ]; then
+        first_year=$(date +%Y)
+        last_year=$(date +%Y)
+    fi
+
+    echo "$first_year $last_year"
+}
+
+# Get years from git history
+read -r first_year last_year <<< "$(get_years_for_file "$FILE")"
+
+# Determine the copyright year string
+if [ "$first_year" = "$last_year" ]; then
+    year_string="$first_year"
+else
+    year_string="$first_year-$last_year"
+fi
+
+# Check if file has a copyright notice
+if ! grep -q "Copyright (C)" "$FILE"; then
+    echo "No copyright notice found in $FILE, skipping"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ "$DRY_RUN" = true ]; then
+    # Just show what would be changed
+    current_year=$(grep "Copyright (C)" "$FILE" | sed -n 's/.*Copyright (C) \([0-9]\{4\}\(-[0-9]\{4\}\)\?\).*/\1/p' | head -1)
+    if [ "$current_year" != "$year_string" ]; then
+        echo "Would update $FILE: $current_year → $year_string"
+    else
+        echo "No change needed for $FILE (already $year_string)"
+    fi
+else
+    # Update the copyright line
+    # Matches patterns like "Copyright (C) 2023 Moritz Martinius" or "Copyright (C) 2023-2024 Moritz Martinius"
+    # Handle variable whitespace between year and name
+
+    # Get current year from file for comparison
+    current_year=$(grep "Copyright (C)" "$FILE" | sed -n 's/.*Copyright (C) \([0-9]\{4\}\(-[0-9]\{4\}\)\?\).*/\1/p' | head -1)
+
+    if [ "$current_year" = "$year_string" ]; then
+        echo "No changes needed for $FILE (already $year_string)"
+    else
+        sed -i "s/Copyright (C) [0-9]\{4\}\(-[0-9]\{4\}\)\? \+$COPYRIGHT_HOLDER/Copyright (C) $year_string  $COPYRIGHT_HOLDER/" "$FILE"
+        echo "✓ Updated $FILE: $current_year → $year_string"
+    fi
+fi

src/P700Printer.cpp

@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-/* 
-    ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
-
-    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- */
-
-#include "P700Printer.hpp"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <ratio>
-#include <thread>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "graphics/Bitmap.hpp"
-#include "graphics/Image.hpp"
-#include "graphics/Monochrome.hpp"
-#include "libusb.h"
-#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
-#include "spdlog/fmt/bin_to_hex.h"
-
-// as long as DRYRUN is defined, no data is actually send to the printer, we need to save some tape ;)
-//#define DRYRUN
-
-namespace ptprnt::printer {
-
-const PrinterInfo P700Printer::mInfo = {.driverName = "P700",
-                                        .name       = "Brother P-touch P700",
-                                        .version    = "v1.0",
-                                        .usbId{0x04f9, 0x2061}};
-
-P700Printer::~P700Printer() {
-    detachUsbDevice();
-    if (mUsbHndl) {
-        mUsbHndl->close();
-    }
-}
-
-const std::string_view P700Printer::getDriverName() {
-    return mInfo.driverName;
-}
-
-const std::string_view P700Printer::getName() {
-    return mInfo.name;
-}
-
-const std::string_view P700Printer::getVersion() {
-    return mInfo.version;
-}
-
-const PrinterInfo P700Printer::getPrinterInfo() {
-    return mInfo;
-}
-
-const PrinterStatus P700Printer::getPrinterStatus() {
-    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> getStatusCmd({0x1b, 0x69, 0x53});  // status info request
-    send(getStatusCmd);
-
-    int tx    = 0;
-    int tries = 0;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> recvBuf(32);
-    while (tries++ < MAX_TRIES_GET_STATUS) {
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
-        mUsbHndl->bulkTransfer(commands["printerinfo"][0], recvBuf, &tx, 0);
-    }
-
-    return PrinterStatus{.tapeWidthMm = recvBuf[10]};
-}
-
-const libusbwrap::usbId P700Printer::getUsbId() {
-    return mInfo.usbId;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) {
-    if (!usbHndl->open()) {
-        spdlog::error("Unable to open USB device: {}", usbHndl->getLastErrorString());
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!usbHndl->detachKernelDriver(0)) {
-        spdlog::error("Device is already in use or couldn't be detached from kernel: {}",
-                      usbHndl->getLastErrorString());
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!usbHndl->claimInterface(0)) {
-        spdlog::error("Could not claim interface 0: {}", usbHndl->getLastErrorString());
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    mUsbHndl = std::move(usbHndl);
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::detachUsbDevice() {
-    if (!mUsbHndl) {
-        spdlog::warn("No device to detach...");
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (!mUsbHndl->releaseInterface(0)) {
-        spdlog::error("Could not release interface 0: {}", mUsbHndl->getLastErrorString());
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) {
-    auto bm = graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>(512, 128);
-    {
-        auto img = graphics::Image();
-        bm.setPixels(std::vector<uint8_t>(img.getRaw(), img.getRaw() + 512 * 128));
-    }
-
-    send(commands["rasterstart"]);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> rastercmd(4);
-    rastercmd[0] = 0x47;
-    rastercmd[1] = 0x00;  // size +1
-    rastercmd[2] = 0x00;
-    rastercmd[3] = 0x00;  // size -1
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bm.getWidth(); i++) {
-        auto bmcol = bm.getCol(i);
-        if (!bmcol) {
-            spdlog::error("Out of bounds bitmap access");
-            break;
-        }
-        auto monocol = graphics::Monochrome(*bmcol);
-        auto col     = monocol.get();
-
-        std::vector<uint8_t> buf(0);
-        buf.insert(buf.begin(), rastercmd.begin(), rastercmd.end());
-        buf.insert(std::next(buf.begin(), 4), col.begin(), col.end());
-
-        buf[1] = col.size() + 1;
-        buf[3] = col.size() - 1;
-        if (!send(buf)) {
-            break;
-        };
-    }
-
-    send(commands["eject"]);
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::setText(const std::string& text) {
-    return true;
-};
-
-bool P700Printer::setFont(const std::string& text) {
-    return true;
-};
-
-bool P700Printer::setFontSize(uint8_t fontSize) {
-    return true;
-};
-
-bool P700Printer::setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos) {
-    return true;
-};
-
-bool P700Printer::setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos) {
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::print() {
-    send(commands["lf"]);
-    send(commands["ff"]);
-    send(commands["eject"]);
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::send(std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
-
-    if (mUsbHndl == nullptr || data.size() > 128) {
-        spdlog::error("Invalid device handle or invalid data.");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    int tx = 0;
-
-#ifndef DRYRUN
-    if (!mUsbHndl->bulkTransfer(0x02, data, &tx, 0)) {
-        spdlog::error("Error writing command to Printer: {}", mUsbHndl->getLastErrorString());
-        return false;
-    }
-#else
-    tx = data.size();
-    spdlog::debug("USB raw data(len {}): {}", data.size(), spdlog::to_hex(data));
-#endif
-
-    if (tx != static_cast<int>(data.size())) {
-        spdlog::error("Could not transfer all data via USB bulk transfer. Only send {} of {} bytes",
-                      tx, data.size());
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool P700Printer::init() {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> cmd(102);
-    cmd[100] = 0x1b; /* ESC */
-    cmd[101] = 0x40; /* @ */
-    return send(cmd);
-}
-}  // namespace ptprnt::printer

src/PrinterDriverFactory.cpp

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#include "PrinterDriverFactory.hpp"
-
-#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-
-#include "P700Printer.hpp"
-#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
-
-namespace ptprnt {
-
-std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> PrinterDriverFactory::create(libusbwrap::usbId id) {
-
-    if (printer::P700Printer::mInfo.usbId == id) {
-        spdlog::info("Found printer P700!");
-        return std::make_shared<printer::P700Printer>();
-    } else {
-        spdlog::trace("{:04x}:{:04x} is not a compatible printer", id.first, id.second);
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-}  // namespace ptprnt

src/PrinterDriverFactory.hpp

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#include <memory>
-#include "interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp"
-#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
-
-namespace ptprnt {
-
-class PrinterDriverFactory {
-   public:
-    PrinterDriverFactory()  = default;
-    ~PrinterDriverFactory() = default;
-
-    PrinterDriverFactory(const PrinterDriverFactory&)            = delete;
-    PrinterDriverFactory& operator=(const PrinterDriverFactory&) = delete;
-    PrinterDriverFactory(PrinterDriverFactory&&)                 = delete;
-    PrinterDriverFactory& operator=(PrinterDriverFactory&&)      = delete;
-
-    std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> create(libusbwrap::usbId id);
-
-   private:
-};
-
-}

src/PtouchPrint.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-/* 
+/*
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -16,192 +16,233 @@
     along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
  */
-#include <cstdint>
+#include "PtouchPrint.hpp"
-#define SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL SPDLOG_LEVEL_TRACE
-#define SPDLOG_DEBUG_ON
-#define SPDLOG_TRACE_ON
 
-#include <CLI/App.hpp>
 #include <fmt/core.h>
-#include <spdlog/common.h>
-#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
-#include <spdlog/logger.h>
-#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
 #include <spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h>
 #include <spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 
-#include <functional>
+#include "cli/CliParser.hpp"
-#include <memory>
+#include "cli/interface/ICliParser.hpp"
-#include <vector>
+#include "constants.hpp"
-
+#include "core/PrinterDriverFactory.hpp"
-#include "CLI/Option.hpp"
+#include "core/PrinterService.hpp"
-#include "PrinterDriverFactory.hpp"
+#include "core/interface/IPrinterService.hpp"
-#include "PtouchPrint.hpp"
+#include "graphics/LabelBuilder.hpp"
-#include "graphics/Bitmap.hpp"
-#include "libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp"
 
 namespace ptprnt {
 
-PtouchPrint::PtouchPrint(const char* versionString) : mVersionString{versionString} {}
+PtouchPrint::PtouchPrint(const char* versionString)
+    : PtouchPrint(versionString, std::make_unique<cli::CliParser>(ptprnt::APP_DESC, versionString),
+                  std::make_unique<core::PrinterService>()) {}
+
+PtouchPrint::PtouchPrint(const char* versionString, std::unique_ptr<cli::ICliParser> cliParser,
+                         std::unique_ptr<core::IPrinterService> printerService)
+    : mVersionString(versionString), mCliParser(std::move(cliParser)), mPrinterService(std::move(printerService)) {}
+
+PtouchPrint::~PtouchPrint() = default;
 
 int PtouchPrint::init(int argc, char** argv) {
-    setupCliParser();
+    // Parse CLI arguments
+    int parseResult = mCliParser->parse(argc, argv);
+    if (parseResult != 0) {
+        // Pass through: positive = clean exit (help/version), negative = error
+        return parseResult;
+    }
 
-    try {
+    // Setup logging based on CLI flags
-        mApp.parse(argc, argv);
+    setupLogger();
-    } catch (const CLI::ParseError& e) {
+
-        mApp.exit(e);
+    // Initialize printer service
+    if (!mPrinterService->initialize()) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (mVerboseFlag) {
-        setupLogger(spdlog::level::debug);
-    } else {
-        setupLogger(spdlog::level::err);
-    }
-
-    if (!mUsbDeviceFactory.init()) {
-        spdlog::error("Could not initialize libusb");
-        return -1;
-    }
     return 0;
 }
 
 int PtouchPrint::run() {
     spdlog::info("ptprnt version {}", mVersionString);
-    SPDLOG_TRACE("testing trace");
+
-    mDetectedPrinters     = getCompatiblePrinters();
+    const auto& options = mCliParser->getOptions();
-    auto numFoundPrinters = mDetectedPrinters.size();
+
-    if (numFoundPrinters == 0) {
+    // Handle --list-all-drivers
-        spdlog::error(
+    if (options.listDrivers) {
-            "No compatible printers found, please make sure that they are turned on and connected");
+        return handleListDrivers() ? 0 : -1;
-        return -1;
-    } else if (numFoundPrinters > 1) {
-        spdlog::warn("Found more than one compatible printer. Currently not supported.");
-        return -1;
     }
 
-    auto printer            = mDetectedPrinters[0];
+    // Handle printing
-    const auto printerUsbId = printer->getUsbId();
+    return handlePrinting() ? 0 : -1;
-    auto devices = mUsbDeviceFactory.findDevices(printerUsbId.first, printerUsbId.second);
-    if (devices.size() != 1) {
-        spdlog::warn(
-            "Found more than one device of the same printer on bus. Currently not supported");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    printer->attachUsbDevice(devices[0]);
-    auto status = printer->getPrinterStatus();
-    spdlog::info("Detected tape width is {}mm", status.tapeWidthMm);
-    auto bm = ptprnt::graphics::Bitmap<ptprnt::graphics::ALPHA8>(512, 128);
-    //printer->printBitmap(bm);
-    //printer->printText("wurst", 1);
-
-    for (auto& cmd : mCommands) {
-        switch (cmd.first) {
-            case CliCmdType::Text:
-                spdlog::debug("Setting text to {}", cmd.second);
-                printer->setText(cmd.second);
-                break;
-            case CliCmdType::Font:;
-                spdlog::debug("Setting font to {}", cmd.second);
-                printer->setFont(cmd.second);
-                break;
-            case CliCmdType::FontSize:;
-                spdlog::debug("Setting font size to {}", cmd.second);
-                printer->setFontSize(static_cast<uint8_t>(std::atoi(cmd.second.c_str())));
-                break;
-            case CliCmdType::HAlign:;
-                spdlog::debug("[Not implemented] Setting text horizontal alignment to {}",
-                              cmd.second);
-                break;
-            case CliCmdType::VAlign:;
-                spdlog::debug("[Not implemented] Setting text vertical alignment to {}",
-                              cmd.second);
-                break;
-            case CliCmdType::None:;
-                [[fallthrough]];
-            default:
-                spdlog::warn("This command is currently not supported.");
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!printer->print()) {
-        spdlog::error("An error occured while printing");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> PtouchPrint::getCompatiblePrinters() {
+void PtouchPrint::setupLogger() {
+    const auto& options = mCliParser->getOptions();
 
-    auto usbDevs       = mUsbDeviceFactory.findAllDevices();
+    spdlog::level::level_enum level = spdlog::level::warn;
-    auto driverFactory = std::make_unique<PrinterDriverFactory>();
+    if (options.trace) {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> foundPrinterDrivers{};
+        level = spdlog::level::trace;
-
+    } else if (options.verbose) {
-    for (auto usbDev : usbDevs) {
+        level = spdlog::level::debug;
-        auto driver = driverFactory->create(usbDev->getUsbId());
-        if (driver != nullptr) {
-            foundPrinterDrivers.push_back(driver);
-        }
     }
-    return foundPrinterDrivers;
-}
 
-void PtouchPrint::setupLogger(spdlog::level::level_enum lvl) {
     auto consoleSink = std::make_shared<spdlog::sinks::stdout_color_sink_mt>();
-    consoleSink->set_level(lvl);
+    consoleSink->set_level(level);
     consoleSink->set_pattern("%^%L:%$ %v");
 
     auto fileSink = std::make_shared<spdlog::sinks::basic_file_sink_mt>("ptprnt.log", true);
     fileSink->set_level(spdlog::level::trace);
     fileSink->set_pattern("%Y-%m-%d %H:%m:%S:%e [pid:%P tid:%t] [%^%l%$] %v (%@)");
+
     std::vector<spdlog::sink_ptr> sinks{consoleSink, fileSink};
     auto logger = std::make_shared<spdlog::logger>("default_logger", sinks.begin(), sinks.end());
     logger->set_level(spdlog::level::trace);
     spdlog::set_default_logger(logger);
 }
 
-void PtouchPrint::setupCliParser() {
+bool PtouchPrint::handleListDrivers() {
-    auto printVersion = [this](std::size_t) {
+    auto driverFactory = std::make_unique<PrinterDriverFactory>();
-        fmt::print("ptprnt version: {}\n", mVersionString);
+    auto drivers       = driverFactory->listAllDrivers();
-    };
 
-    // General options
+    fmt::print("Available printer drivers:\n");
-    mApp.add_flag("-v,--verbose", mVerboseFlag, "Enable verbose output");
+    for (const auto& driver : drivers) {
-    mApp.add_flag("-V,--version", printVersion, "Prints the ptprnt's version");
+        fmt::print("  - {}\n", driver);
-
+    }
-    // Text printing options
+    fmt::print("\nUse with: -p <driver_name> or --printer <driver_name>\n");
-    mApp.add_option("-t,--text",
+    return true;
-                    "Text to print (can be used multple times, use formatting options before to "
-                    "influence text layout)")
-        ->group("Printing")
-        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
-        ->trigger_on_parse()
-        ->each([this](std::string text) { mCommands.emplace_back(CliCmdType::Text, text); });
-    mApp.add_option("-f,--font", "Font used for the following text occurences")
-        ->group("Text printing ")
-        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
-        ->trigger_on_parse()
-        ->each([this](std::string font) { mCommands.emplace_back(CliCmdType::Font, font); });
-    mApp.add_option("-s,--fontsize", "Font size of the following text occurences")
-        ->group("Text printing ")
-        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
-        ->trigger_on_parse()
-        ->each([this](std::string size) { mCommands.emplace_back(CliCmdType::FontSize, size); });
-    mApp.add_option("--valign", "Vertical alignment of the following text occurences")
-        ->group("Text printing ")
-        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
-        ->trigger_on_parse()
-        ->each([this](std::string valign) { mCommands.emplace_back(CliCmdType::VAlign, valign); });
-    mApp.add_option("--halign", "Vertical alignment of the following text occurences")
-        ->group("Text printing ")
-        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
-        ->trigger_on_parse()
-        ->each([this](std::string halign) { mCommands.emplace_back(CliCmdType::HAlign, halign); });
-
-    // Image options
-    mApp.add_option("-i,--image", "Image to print. Excludes all text printing ")
-        ->group("Image printing");
 }
-}  // namespace ptprnt
+
+bool PtouchPrint::handlePrinting() {
+    const auto& options = mCliParser->getOptions();
+
+    // Select printer
+    auto printer = mPrinterService->selectPrinter(options.printerSelection);
+    if (!printer) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to select printer");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get printer status
+    auto status = printer->getPrinterStatus();
+    spdlog::info("Detected tape width is {}mm", status.tapeWidthMm);
+
+    // Check if there are any commands
+    if (options.commands.empty()) {
+        spdlog::warn("No command specified, nothing to do...");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Build label incrementally, appending when --new is encountered
+    graphics::LabelBuilder labelBuilder(printer->getPrinterInfo().pixelLines);
+    std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> finalLabel = nullptr;
+
+    // Debug: print command sequence
+    spdlog::debug("Processing {} commands:", options.commands.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.commands.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto& [cmdType, value] = options.commands[i];
+        spdlog::debug("  Command {}: type={}, value='{}'", i, static_cast<int>(cmdType), value);
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& [cmdType, value] : options.commands) {
+        switch (cmdType) {
+            case cli::CommandType::NewLabel: {
+                // Finish current label and append to final label
+                spdlog::debug("Encountered --new, finishing current label segment");
+                auto currentLabel = labelBuilder.build();
+                if (!finalLabel) {
+                    // First label becomes the base
+                    finalLabel = std::move(currentLabel);
+                } else {
+                    // If finalLabel is empty (width=0), replace it instead of appending
+                    if (finalLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+                        spdlog::debug("Final label is empty, replacing instead of appending");
+                        finalLabel = std::move(currentLabel);
+                    } else if (currentLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+                        // Current label is empty, skip appending
+                        spdlog::debug("Current label is empty, skipping append");
+                    } else {
+                        // Both labels have content, append
+                        if (!finalLabel->append(*currentLabel)) {
+                            spdlog::error("Failed to append label");
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Reset builder for next label
+                labelBuilder = graphics::LabelBuilder(printer->getPrinterInfo().pixelLines);
+                break;
+            }
+            case cli::CommandType::Text:
+                labelBuilder.addText(value);
+                break;
+            case cli::CommandType::Font:
+                spdlog::debug("Setting font to {}", value);
+                labelBuilder.setFontFamily(value);
+                break;
+            case cli::CommandType::FontSize:
+                spdlog::debug("Setting font size to {}", std::stod(value));
+                labelBuilder.setFontSize(std::stod(value));
+                break;
+            case cli::CommandType::HAlign: {
+                spdlog::debug("Setting text horizontal alignment to {}", value);
+                auto hPos = HALignPositionMap.find(value);
+                if (hPos == HALignPositionMap.end()) {
+                    spdlog::warn("Invalid horizontal alignment specified!");
+                    labelBuilder.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::UNKNOWN);
+                } else {
+                    labelBuilder.setHAlign(hPos->second);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case cli::CommandType::VAlign: {
+                spdlog::debug("Setting text vertical alignment to {}", value);
+                auto vPos = VALignPositionMap.find(value);
+                if (vPos == VALignPositionMap.end()) {
+                    spdlog::warn("Invalid vertical alignment specified!");
+                    labelBuilder.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::UNKNOWN);
+                } else {
+                    labelBuilder.setVAlign(vPos->second);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case cli::CommandType::None:
+                [[fallthrough]];
+            default:
+                spdlog::warn("This command is currently not supported.");
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Build and append final label segment
+    auto lastLabel = labelBuilder.build();
+    if (!finalLabel) {
+        // Only one label, no --new was used
+        finalLabel = std::move(lastLabel);
+    } else {
+        // Handle empty labels
+        if (finalLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+            // Final label is empty, replace it
+            spdlog::debug("Final label is empty, replacing with last segment");
+            finalLabel = std::move(lastLabel);
+        } else if (lastLabel->getWidth() == 0) {
+            // Last segment is empty, skip appending
+            spdlog::debug("Last label segment is empty, skipping append");
+        } else {
+            // Both have content, append
+            if (!finalLabel->append(*lastLabel)) {
+                spdlog::error("Failed to append final label segment");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Print the final label
+    if (!mPrinterService->printLabel(std::move(finalLabel))) {
+        spdlog::error("An error occurred while printing");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt

src/PtouchPrint.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-/* 
+/*
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -19,46 +19,80 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <CLI/CLI.hpp>
+#include <memory>
-#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <string>
-#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#include <vector>
 
-#include "constants.hpp"
+namespace ptprnt::cli {
-#include "interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp"
+class ICliParser;
-#include "libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp"
+}
+
+namespace ptprnt::core {
+class IPrinterService;
+}
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+class ILabel;
+}
 
 namespace ptprnt {
-enum class CliCmdType { None = 0, Text = 1, FontSize = 2, Font = 3, VAlign = 4, HAlign = 5 };
-using CliCmd = std::pair<CliCmdType, std::string>;
 
+/**
+ * @brief Main application class for ptprnt
+ *
+ * Acts as a thin glue layer coordinating CLI parsing and core printer functionality.
+ * Separates CLI frontend concerns from the core library.
+ *
+ * Uses interfaces (ICliParser, IPrinterService) to enable dependency injection
+ * and facilitate unit testing with mocks.
+ */
 class PtouchPrint {
    public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct the application with default implementations
+     * @param versionString Version string to display
+     */
     PtouchPrint(const char* versionString);
-    ~PtouchPrint() = default;
 
-    // This is basically a singelton application class, no need to copy or move
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct with custom implementations (for testing)
+     * @param versionString Version string to display
+     * @param cliParser Custom CLI parser implementation
+     * @param printerService Custom printer service implementation
+     */
+    PtouchPrint(const char* versionString, std::unique_ptr<cli::ICliParser> cliParser,
+                std::unique_ptr<core::IPrinterService> printerService);
+
+    ~PtouchPrint();  // Must be defined in .cpp where complete types are visible
+
+    // This is basically a singleton application class, no need to copy or move
     PtouchPrint(const PtouchPrint&)            = delete;
     PtouchPrint& operator=(const PtouchPrint&) = delete;
     PtouchPrint(PtouchPrint&&)                 = delete;
     PtouchPrint& operator=(PtouchPrint&&)      = delete;
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Initialize the application
+     * @param argc Argument count
+     * @param argv Argument values
+     * @return 0 on success, non-zero on error
+     */
     int init(int argc, char** argv);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Run the application
+     * @return 0 on success, non-zero on error
+     */
     int run();
 
    private:
-    // methods
+    void setupLogger();
-    void setupLogger(spdlog::level::level_enum lvl);
+    bool handleListDrivers();
-    void setupCliParser();
+    bool handlePrinting();
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> getCompatiblePrinters();
 
-    // member variables
+    std::string mVersionString;
-    CLI::App mApp{ptprnt::APP_DESC};
+    std::unique_ptr<cli::ICliParser> mCliParser;
-    libusbwrap::UsbDeviceFactory mUsbDeviceFactory{};
+    std::unique_ptr<core::IPrinterService> mPrinterService;
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> mDetectedPrinters{};
-    std::vector<CliCmd> mCommands{};
-    std::string mVersionString = "";
-
-    // CLI flags
-    bool mVerboseFlag = false;
 };
-}  // namespace ptprnt
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt

src/cli/CliParser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "CliParser.hpp"
+
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+
+namespace ptprnt::cli {
+
+CliParser::CliParser(std::string appDescription, std::string versionString)
+    : mApp(std::move(appDescription)), mVersionString(std::move(versionString)) {
+    setupParser();
+}
+
+int CliParser::parse(int argc, char** argv) {
+    try {
+        mApp.parse(argc, argv);
+    } catch (const CLI::CallForHelp& e) {
+        // User requested help - display it and signal clean exit
+        mApp.exit(e);
+        return 1;  // Signal: exit cleanly
+    } catch (const CLI::CallForVersion&) {
+        // User requested version - already displayed by callback
+        return 1;  // Signal: exit cleanly
+    } catch (const CLI::ParseError& e) {
+        // Parse error - display error message
+        mApp.exit(e);
+        return -1;  // Signal: error
+    }
+
+    // Post-process: Re-order commands based on actual command line order
+    // This is needed because CLI11 groups options by type
+    reorderCommandsByArgv(argc, argv);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void CliParser::reorderCommandsByArgv(int argc, char** argv) {
+    std::vector<Command> reorderedCommands;
+
+    // Parse argv to determine the actual order
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+        std::string arg = argv[i];
+
+        if (arg == "--new") {
+            reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::NewLabel, "");
+        } else if (arg == "-t" || arg == "--text") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::Text, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "-f" || arg == "--font") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::Font, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "-s" || arg == "--fontsize") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::FontSize, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "--valign") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::VAlign, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        } else if (arg == "--halign") {
+            if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                reorderedCommands.emplace_back(CommandType::HAlign, argv[++i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Only replace if we found relevant commands
+    if (!reorderedCommands.empty()) {
+        mOptions.commands = std::move(reorderedCommands);
+    }
+}
+
+void CliParser::setupParser() {
+    // Version callback
+    auto printVersion = [this](std::size_t) {
+        fmt::print("ptprnt version: {}\n", mVersionString);
+        throw CLI::CallForVersion();
+    };
+
+    // General options
+    mApp.add_flag("-v,--verbose", mOptions.verbose, "Enable verbose output");
+    mApp.add_flag("--trace", mOptions.trace, "Enable trace output (shows USB communication)");
+    mApp.add_flag("-V,--version", printVersion, "Prints the ptprnt's version");
+
+    // Printer selection
+    mApp.add_option("-p,--printer", mOptions.printerSelection,
+                    "Select printer driver (default: auto). Use --list-all-drivers to see available options")
+        ->default_val("auto");
+
+    mApp.add_flag("--list-all-drivers", mOptions.listDrivers, "List all available printer drivers and exit");
+
+    // Text printing options
+    // Note: CLI11 options are processed in order when using ->each() with callbacks
+    mApp.add_option(
+            "-t,--text",
+            "Text to print (can be used multiple times, use formatting options before to influence text layout)")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string& text) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::Text, text); });
+
+    // Text formatting options
+    mApp.add_option("-f,--font", "Font used for the following text occurrences")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string& font) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::Font, font); });
+
+    mApp.add_option("-s,--fontsize", "Font size of the following text occurrences")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string& size) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::FontSize, size); });
+
+    mApp.add_option("--valign", "Vertical alignment of the following text occurrences")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string& align) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::VAlign, align); });
+
+    mApp.add_option("--halign", "Horizontal alignment of the following text occurrences")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string& align) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::HAlign, align); });
+
+    // Label separator - use an option with multi_option_policy to maintain parse order
+    // We need to use a dummy string parameter since .each() expects a string callback
+    mApp.add_flag("--new", "Start a new label (multiple labels will be stitched together)")
+        ->multi_option_policy(CLI::MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll)
+        ->each([this](const std::string&) { mOptions.commands.emplace_back(CommandType::NewLabel, ""); });
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::cli

src/cli/CliParser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <CLI/CLI.hpp>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "interface/ICliParser.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::cli {
+
+/**
+ * @brief CLI argument parser for ptprnt
+ *
+ * Concrete implementation of ICliParser using CLI11.
+ * Handles all command-line argument parsing.
+ * Separates CLI concerns from core library functionality.
+ */
+class CliParser : public ICliParser {
+   public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct a CLI parser
+     * @param appDescription Application description for help text
+     * @param versionString Version string to display
+     */
+    CliParser(std::string appDescription, std::string versionString);
+
+    ~CliParser() override = default;
+
+    CliParser(const CliParser&)            = delete;
+    CliParser& operator=(const CliParser&) = delete;
+    CliParser(CliParser&&)                 = delete;
+    CliParser& operator=(CliParser&&)      = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Parse command line arguments
+     * @param argc Argument count
+     * @param argv Argument values
+     * @return 0 on success, positive value if should exit immediately (help/version), negative on error
+     */
+    int parse(int argc, char** argv) override;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the parsed options
+     * @return Reference to parsed options
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const CliOptions& getOptions() const override { return mOptions; }
+
+   private:
+    void setupParser();
+    void reorderCommandsByArgv(int argc, char** argv);
+
+    CLI::App mApp;
+    std::string mVersionString;
+    CliOptions mOptions;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::cli

src/cli/interface/ICliParser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ptprnt::cli {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Types of CLI commands that can be issued
+ */
+enum class CommandType { None = 0, Text = 1, FontSize = 2, Font = 3, VAlign = 4, HAlign = 5, NewLabel = 6 };
+
+/**
+ * @brief A command with its type and value
+ */
+using Command = std::pair<CommandType, std::string>;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Parsed CLI options and commands
+ */
+struct CliOptions {
+    bool verbose{false};
+    bool trace{false};
+    bool listDrivers{false};
+    std::string printerSelection{"auto"};
+    std::vector<Command> commands{};
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Interface for CLI argument parsing
+ *
+ * This interface allows for mocking CLI parsing in unit tests
+ * and provides a clear contract for CLI parser implementations.
+ */
+class ICliParser {
+   public:
+    virtual ~ICliParser() = default;
+
+    ICliParser()                                   = default;
+    ICliParser(const ICliParser&)                  = default;
+    ICliParser& operator=(const ICliParser&)       = default;
+    ICliParser(ICliParser&&) noexcept              = default;
+    ICliParser& operator=(ICliParser&&) noexcept   = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Parse command line arguments
+     * @param argc Argument count
+     * @param argv Argument values
+     * @return 0 on success, positive value if should exit immediately (help/version), negative on error
+     */
+    virtual int parse(int argc, char** argv) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the parsed options
+     * @return Reference to parsed options
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual const CliOptions& getOptions() const = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::cli

src/core/PrinterDriverFactory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "PrinterDriverFactory.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
+#include "printers/FakePrinter.hpp"
+#include "printers/P700Printer.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt {
+
+std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> PrinterDriverFactory::create(libusbwrap::usbId id) {
+
+    if (printer::P700Printer::mInfo.usbId == id) {
+        spdlog::info("Found printer P700!");
+        return std::make_shared<printer::P700Printer>();
+    } else {
+        spdlog::trace("{:04x}:{:04x} is not a compatible printer", id.first, id.second);
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> PrinterDriverFactory::createFakePrinter() {
+    spdlog::info("Creating FakePrinter (virtual test printer)");
+    return std::make_shared<printer::FakePrinter>();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> PrinterDriverFactory::createByName(const std::string& driverName) {
+    // Convert to lowercase for case-insensitive comparison
+    std::string nameLower = driverName;
+    std::ranges::transform(nameLower, nameLower.begin(), [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
+
+    if (nameLower == "p700" || nameLower == "p700printer") {
+        spdlog::info("Creating P700 printer driver by name");
+        return std::make_shared<printer::P700Printer>();
+    } else if (nameLower == "fakeprinter" || nameLower == "fake") {
+        return createFakePrinter();
+    }
+
+    spdlog::warn("Unknown printer driver name: {}", driverName);
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> PrinterDriverFactory::listAllDrivers() const {
+    return {std::string(printer::P700Printer::mInfo.driverName), std::string(printer::FakePrinter::mInfo.driverName)};
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt

src/core/PrinterDriverFactory.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "printers/interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp"
+#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt {
+
+class PrinterDriverFactory {
+   public:
+    PrinterDriverFactory()  = default;
+    ~PrinterDriverFactory() = default;
+
+    PrinterDriverFactory(const PrinterDriverFactory&)            = delete;
+    PrinterDriverFactory& operator=(const PrinterDriverFactory&) = delete;
+    PrinterDriverFactory(PrinterDriverFactory&&)                 = delete;
+    PrinterDriverFactory& operator=(PrinterDriverFactory&&)      = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a printer driver based on USB ID
+     * @param id USB vendor and product ID
+     * @return Printer driver instance or nullptr if no match
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> create(libusbwrap::usbId id);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a virtual FakePrinter for testing without hardware
+     * @return FakePrinter instance
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> createFakePrinter();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a printer driver by name
+     * @param driverName Name of the driver (from PrinterInfo.driverName)
+     * @return Printer driver instance or nullptr if no match
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> createByName(const std::string& driverName);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get list of all available printer driver names
+     * @return Vector of driver names
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> listAllDrivers() const;
+
+   private:
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt

src/core/PrinterService.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "PrinterService.hpp"
+
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include "core/PrinterDriverFactory.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::core {
+
+PrinterService::PrinterService() = default;
+
+bool PrinterService::initialize() {
+    if (!mUsbDeviceFactory.init()) {
+        spdlog::error("Could not initialize libusb");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> PrinterService::detectPrinters() {
+    spdlog::debug("Detecting printers...");
+
+    auto usbDevs       = mUsbDeviceFactory.findAllDevices();
+    auto driverFactory = std::make_unique<PrinterDriverFactory>();
+    mDetectedPrinters.clear();
+
+    for (auto& usbDev : usbDevs) {
+        auto driver = driverFactory->create(usbDev->getUsbId());
+        if (driver != nullptr) {
+            // Attach the USB device to the printer driver
+            // Convert unique_ptr to shared_ptr for attachment
+            std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> sharedUsbDev = std::move(usbDev);
+            if (driver->attachUsbDevice(sharedUsbDev)) {
+                mDetectedPrinters.push_back(driver);
+                spdlog::debug("Successfully attached USB device to printer driver: {}", driver->getName());
+            } else {
+                spdlog::warn("Failed to attach USB device to printer driver: {}", driver->getName());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    spdlog::debug("Found {} compatible printer(s)", mDetectedPrinters.size());
+    return mDetectedPrinters;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> PrinterService::selectPrinter(const std::string& printerName) {
+    // If a specific printer is requested by name (not "auto"), try to create it directly
+    if (printerName != "auto") {
+        auto driverFactory = std::make_unique<PrinterDriverFactory>();
+        auto printer       = driverFactory->createByName(printerName);
+        if (printer) {
+            // For virtual/fake printers, call attachUsbDevice with nullptr to initialize
+            // For real printers selected explicitly, they would need actual USB device
+            printer->attachUsbDevice(nullptr);
+            mCurrentPrinter = printer;
+            spdlog::info("Using explicitly selected printer: {}", printerName);
+            return mCurrentPrinter;
+        }
+        spdlog::error("Printer driver '{}' not found", printerName);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Auto mode: detect USB printers
+    if (mDetectedPrinters.empty()) {
+        detectPrinters();
+    }
+
+    if (mDetectedPrinters.empty()) {
+        spdlog::error("No compatible printers detected");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Auto-select first detected printer
+    mCurrentPrinter = mDetectedPrinters.front();
+    spdlog::info("Auto-selected printer: {}", mCurrentPrinter->getName());
+    return mCurrentPrinter;
+}
+
+bool PrinterService::printLabel(std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) {
+    if (!mCurrentPrinter) {
+        spdlog::error("No printer selected");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return mCurrentPrinter->printLabel(std::move(label));
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::core

src/core/PrinterService.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "interface/IPrinterService.hpp"
+#include "libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp"
+#include "printers/interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::core {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Core service for printer operations
+ *
+ * Concrete implementation of IPrinterService.
+ * Provides the core library functionality for:
+ * - Detecting printers
+ * - Selecting printers
+ * - Building and printing labels
+ */
+class PrinterService : public IPrinterService {
+   public:
+    PrinterService();
+    ~PrinterService() override = default;
+
+    PrinterService(const PrinterService&)            = delete;
+    PrinterService& operator=(const PrinterService&) = delete;
+    PrinterService(PrinterService&&)                 = delete;
+    PrinterService& operator=(PrinterService&&)      = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Initialize USB device factory
+     * @return true on success, false on failure
+     */
+    bool initialize() override;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Detect all compatible printers
+     * @return Vector of detected printers
+     */
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> detectPrinters() override;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Select a printer by name or auto-detect
+     * @param printerName Printer driver name, or "auto" for first detected
+     * @return Printer driver, or nullptr if not found
+     */
+    std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> selectPrinter(const std::string& printerName) override;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the currently selected printer
+     * @return Current printer, or nullptr if none selected
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> getCurrentPrinter() const override { return mCurrentPrinter; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Print a label
+     * @param label The label to print
+     * @return true on success, false on failure
+     */
+    bool printLabel(std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) override;
+
+   private:
+    libusbwrap::UsbDeviceFactory mUsbDeviceFactory;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> mDetectedPrinters;
+    std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> mCurrentPrinter;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::core

src/core/interface/IPrinterService.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
+#include "printers/interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::core {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Interface for core printer service operations
+ *
+ * This interface allows for mocking printer operations in unit tests
+ * and provides a clear contract for printer service implementations.
+ */
+class IPrinterService {
+   public:
+    virtual ~IPrinterService() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Initialize the printer service
+     * @return true on success, false on failure
+     */
+    virtual bool initialize() = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Detect all compatible printers
+     * @return Vector of detected printers
+     */
+    virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver>> detectPrinters() = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Select a printer by name or auto-detect
+     * @param printerName Printer driver name, or "auto" for first detected
+     * @return Printer driver, or nullptr if not found
+     */
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> selectPrinter(const std::string& printerName) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the currently selected printer
+     * @return Current printer, or nullptr if none selected
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::shared_ptr<IPrinterDriver> getCurrentPrinter() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Print a label
+     * @param label The label to print
+     * @return true on success, false on failure
+     */
+    virtual bool printLabel(std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::core

src/graphics/Bitmap.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -19,32 +19,30 @@
 
 #include "Bitmap.hpp"
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 
-#include <iterator>
+#include <ranges>
-#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {
 template <class T>
-Bitmap<T>::Bitmap(uint16_t width, uint16_t height)
+Bitmap<T>::Bitmap(uint16_t width, uint16_t height) : mWidth{width}, mHeight{height}, mPixels(width * height) {}
-    : mWidth{width}, mHeight{height}, mPixels(width * height) {}
 
 template <class T>
-uint16_t Bitmap<T>::getWidth() {
+[[nodiscard]] uint16_t Bitmap<T>::getWidth() const {
     return mWidth;
 }
 
 template <class T>
-uint16_t Bitmap<T>::getHeight() {
+[[nodiscard]] uint16_t Bitmap<T>::getHeight() const {
     return mHeight;
 }
 
 template <class T>
 bool Bitmap<T>::setPixels(const std::vector<T>& pixels) {
     if (pixels.size() != mPixels.size()) {
-        spdlog::error("Invalid pixel buffer size.");
+        spdlog::error("Invalid pixel buffer size (got {} vs. {} bitmap size).", pixels.size(), mPixels.size());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -53,39 +51,34 @@ bool Bitmap<T>::setPixels(const std::vector<T>& pixels) {
 }
 
 template <class T>
-std::vector<T> Bitmap<T>::getPixelsCpy() {
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> Bitmap<T>::getPixelsCpy() const {
     return mPixels;
 }
 
 template <class T>
-std::optional<std::vector<T>> Bitmap<T>::getLine(uint16_t line) {
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> Bitmap<T>::getLine(const uint16_t lineNo) const {
-    if (line >= mHeight) {
+    if (lineNo >= mHeight) {
-        // out of bound
+        throw(std::out_of_range("Line is out of range!"));
-        return std::nullopt;
     }
-
+    auto lineStart = mPixels.begin() + (lineNo * mWidth);
-    auto lineStart = mPixels.begin() + (line * mWidth);
+    auto lineEnd   = mPixels.begin() + ((lineNo + 1) * mWidth);
-    auto lineEnd   = mPixels.begin() + ((line + 1) * mWidth);
     return std::vector<T>(lineStart, lineEnd);
 }
 
+// TODO: I guess this is borked
 template <class T>
-std::optional<std::vector<T>> Bitmap<T>::getCol(uint16_t col) {
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> Bitmap<T>::getCol(const uint16_t colNo) const {
-    if (col >= mWidth) {
+    if (colNo >= mWidth) {
-        // out of bound
+        throw(std::out_of_range("Col is out of range!"));
-        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
-    // first pixel is always beginning of the col
+    std::vector<T> col{};
-    std::vector<T> colPixels(mHeight);
+    col.reserve(mHeight);
-    auto it = std::next(mPixels.begin(), col);
+    for (size_t i{0}; i <= mPixels.size(); i++) {
-
+        if (i % mWidth == colNo) {
-    for (auto& colElement : colPixels) {
+            col.push_back(mPixels[i]);
-        colElement = *it;
+        }
-        std::advance(it, mWidth);
     }
-
+    return col;
-    return colPixels;
 }
-
 }  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Bitmap.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -19,19 +19,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <stdint.h>
-
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <memory>
-#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {
 
-typedef uint8_t ALPHA8;  // Alpha only, 8 bit per pixel
+using ALPHA8 = std::uint8_t;   // Alpha only, 8 bit per pixel
-typedef uint32_t RGBX8;  // RGB, least significant byte unused, 8 bit per channel
+using RGBX8  = std::uint32_t;  // RGB, least significant byte unused, 8 bit per channel
-typedef uint32_t RGBA8;  // RGB, least significant byte alpha, 8 bit per channel
+using RGBA8  = std::uint32_t;  // RGB, least significant byte alpha, 8 bit per channel
-typedef uint32_t ARGB8;  // RGB, most significant byte alpha, 8 bit per channel
+using ARGB8  = std::uint32_t;  // RGB, most significant byte alpha, 8 bit per channel
 
 template <class T>
 class Bitmap {
@@ -39,12 +35,18 @@ class Bitmap {
     Bitmap(uint16_t width, uint16_t height);
     ~Bitmap() = default;
 
-    uint16_t getWidth();
+    Bitmap(const Bitmap&)            = default;
-    uint16_t getHeight();
+    Bitmap& operator=(const Bitmap&) = default;
+    Bitmap(Bitmap&&)                 = default;
+    Bitmap& operator=(Bitmap&&)      = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] uint16_t getWidth() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] uint16_t getHeight() const;
     bool setPixels(const std::vector<T>& pixels);
-    std::vector<T> getPixelsCpy();
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> getPixelsCpy() const;
-    std::optional<std::vector<T>> getLine(uint16_t line);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> getLine(uint16_t line) const;
-    std::optional<std::vector<T>> getCol(uint16_t col);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> getCol(uint16_t col) const;
+    void visualize() const;
 
    private:
     uint16_t mWidth;

src/graphics/CairoWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Real implementation of ICairoWrapper that forwards to actual Cairo/Pango C API
+ *
+ * This class simply forwards all calls to the real Cairo and Pango library functions.
+ * It's used as the default implementation in production code.
+ */
+class CairoWrapper : public ICairoWrapper {
+   public:
+    ~CairoWrapper() override = default;
+
+    // Cairo image surface functions
+    cairo_surface_t* cairo_image_surface_create(cairo_format_t format, int width, int height) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_create(format, width, height);
+    }
+
+    void cairo_surface_destroy(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { ::cairo_surface_destroy(surface); }
+
+    void cairo_surface_flush(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { ::cairo_surface_flush(surface); }
+
+    void cairo_surface_mark_dirty(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { ::cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surface); }
+
+    cairo_status_t cairo_surface_status(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { return ::cairo_surface_status(surface); }
+
+    cairo_format_t cairo_image_surface_get_format(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_format(surface);
+    }
+
+    int cairo_image_surface_get_width(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
+    }
+
+    int cairo_image_surface_get_height(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
+    }
+
+    int cairo_image_surface_get_stride(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);
+    }
+
+    unsigned char* cairo_image_surface_get_data(cairo_surface_t* surface) override {
+        return ::cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);
+    }
+
+    cairo_status_t cairo_surface_write_to_png(cairo_surface_t* surface, const char* filename) override {
+        return ::cairo_surface_write_to_png(surface, filename);
+    }
+
+    // Cairo context functions
+    cairo_t* cairo_create(cairo_surface_t* surface) override { return ::cairo_create(surface); }
+
+    void cairo_destroy(cairo_t* cr) override { ::cairo_destroy(cr); }
+
+    void cairo_move_to(cairo_t* cr, double x, double y) override { ::cairo_move_to(cr, x, y); }
+
+    void cairo_set_source_rgb(cairo_t* cr, double red, double green, double blue) override {
+        ::cairo_set_source_rgb(cr, red, green, blue);
+    }
+
+    // Pango-Cairo functions
+    PangoFontMap* pango_cairo_font_map_new() override { return ::pango_cairo_font_map_new(); }
+
+    PangoContext* pango_cairo_create_context(cairo_t* cr) override { return ::pango_cairo_create_context(cr); }
+
+    void pango_cairo_show_layout(cairo_t* cr, PangoLayout* layout) override { ::pango_cairo_show_layout(cr, layout); }
+
+    // Pango layout functions
+    PangoLayout* pango_layout_new(PangoContext* context) override { return ::pango_layout_new(context); }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_font_description(PangoLayout* layout, const PangoFontDescription* desc) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, desc);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_text(PangoLayout* layout, const char* text, int length) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_text(layout, text, length);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_height(PangoLayout* layout, int height) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_height(layout, height);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_alignment(PangoLayout* layout, PangoAlignment alignment) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, alignment);
+    }
+
+    void pango_layout_set_justify(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_justify(layout, justify);
+    }
+
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    void pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify) override {
+        ::pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(layout, justify);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void pango_layout_get_size(PangoLayout* layout, int* width, int* height) override {
+        ::pango_layout_get_size(layout, width, height);
+    }
+
+    // Pango font description functions
+    PangoFontDescription* pango_font_description_new() override { return ::pango_font_description_new(); }
+
+    void pango_font_description_set_size(PangoFontDescription* desc, gint size) override {
+        ::pango_font_description_set_size(desc, size);
+    }
+
+    void pango_font_description_set_family(PangoFontDescription* desc, const char* family) override {
+        ::pango_font_description_set_family(desc, family);
+    }
+
+    // GObject reference counting
+    void g_object_unref(gpointer object) override { ::g_object_unref(object); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Image.cpp

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-/* 
-    ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
-
-    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- */
-
-#include "Image.hpp"
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "pango/pango-font.h"
-
-namespace ptprnt::graphics {
-Image::Image() {
-    mSurface         = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, 512, 128);
-    cairo_t* cr      = cairo_create(mSurface);
-    mFontDescription = pango_font_description_new();
-    pango_font_description_set_family(mFontDescription, "sans");
-    pango_font_description_set_weight(mFontDescription, PANGO_WEIGHT_SEMIBOLD);
-    pango_font_description_set_size(mFontDescription, 60 * PANGO_SCALE);
-
-    std::string printThis("Mist 💩");
-
-    mLayout = pango_cairo_create_layout(cr);
-    pango_layout_set_font_description(mLayout, mFontDescription);
-    pango_layout_set_text(mLayout, printThis.c_str(), -1);
-
-    cairo_set_source_rgb(cr, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-    cairo_move_to(cr, 0.0, 94.0);
-    pango_cairo_show_layout_line(cr, pango_layout_get_line(mLayout, 0));
-
-    cairo_surface_write_to_png(mSurface, "hello.png");
-}
-
-uint8_t* Image::getRaw() {
-    cairo_surface_flush(mSurface);
-    return cairo_image_surface_get_data(mSurface);
-}
-
-Image::~Image() {
-    g_object_unref(mLayout);
-    pango_font_description_free(mFontDescription);
-}
-}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Image.hpp

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/* 
-    ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
-
-    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace ptprnt::graphics {
-class Image {
-   public:
-    Image();
-    ~Image();
-    uint8_t* getRaw();
-
-   private:
-    PangoLayout* mLayout;
-    PangoFontDescription* mFontDescription;
-    cairo_surface_t* mSurface;
-};
-}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Label.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "graphics/Label.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cairo.h"
+#include "graphics/CairoWrapper.hpp"
+#include "graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp"
+#include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
+#include "pango/pango-font.h"
+#include "pango/pango-layout.h"
+#include "pango/pango-types.h"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+// Deleter implementations
+void CairoSurfaceDeleter::operator()(cairo_surface_t* surface) const {
+    if (surface && wrapper)
+        wrapper->cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
+}
+
+void CairoDeleter::operator()(cairo_t* cr) const {
+    if (cr && wrapper)
+        wrapper->cairo_destroy(cr);
+}
+
+void GObjectDeleter::operator()(gpointer obj) const {
+    if (obj && wrapper)
+        wrapper->g_object_unref(obj);
+}
+
+// Default constructor - creates real Cairo/Pango wrapper
+Label::Label(const uint16_t heightPixel) : Label(heightPixel, std::make_shared<CairoWrapper>()) {}
+
+// Constructor with dependency injection
+Label::Label(const uint16_t heightPixel, std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> cairoWrapper)
+    : mCairoWrapper(std::move(cairoWrapper)), mPrinterHeight(heightPixel) {
+    // Initialize resources in correct order with RAII
+    // Pass wrapper to deleter so cleanup uses the wrapper
+    GObjectDeleter deleter;
+    deleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    mFontMap        = std::unique_ptr<PangoFontMap, GObjectDeleter>(mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_font_map_new(), deleter);
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> Label::getRaw() const {
+    assert(mSurface != nullptr);
+    auto* surface = mSurface.get();
+
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(surface);
+    assert(mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_format(surface) == CAIRO_FORMAT_A8);
+
+    int width  = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
+    int height = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
+    int stride = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_stride(surface);
+
+    spdlog::debug("Cairo Surface data: W: {}; H: {}; S:{}", width, height, stride);
+
+    auto data = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface);
+
+    // If stride equals width, we can return data directly
+    if (stride == width) {
+        size_t len = height * stride;
+        return {data, data + len};
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, we need to copy row by row, removing stride padding
+    std::vector<uint8_t> result;
+    result.reserve(width * height);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        uint8_t* row_start = data + (y * stride);
+        result.insert(result.end(), row_start, row_start + width);
+    }
+
+    spdlog::debug("getRaw: Removed stride padding, returning {} bytes ({}x{})", result.size(), width, height);
+    return result;
+}
+
+uint8_t Label::getNumLines(std::string_view strv) {
+    return std::count(strv.begin(), strv.end(), '\n');
+}
+
+int Label::getWidth() const {
+    // Return the actual Cairo surface width (which is the layout width)
+    return mLayoutWidth;
+}
+
+int Label::getHeight() const {
+    // Return the actual Cairo surface height (which is the printer height)
+    return mPrinterHeight;
+}
+
+void Label::configureLayout(PangoLayout* layout, const std::string& text, PangoFontDescription* fontDesc) {
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_font_description(layout, fontDesc);
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_text(layout, text.c_str(), static_cast<int>(text.length()));
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_height(layout, getNumLines(text) * -1);
+}
+
+void Label::applyHorizontalAlignment(PangoLayout* layout) {
+    switch (mHAlign) {
+        case HAlignPosition::LEFT:
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT);
+            break;
+        case HAlignPosition::RIGHT:
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT);
+            break;
+        case HAlignPosition::JUSTIFY:
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT);
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_justify(layout, true);
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(layout, true);
+#endif
+            break;
+        case HAlignPosition::CENTER:
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        default:
+            mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_set_alignment(layout, PANGO_ALIGN_CENTER);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+bool Label::create(PrintableText printableText) {
+    setFontFamily(printableText.fontFamily);
+    setFontSize(printableText.fontSize);
+
+    return create(printableText.text);
+}
+
+bool Label::create(const std::string& labelText) {
+    // TODO: we need to create a custom font config here so that Noto Emoji does not load the systems default
+    // font config here. For this, we need to create a PangoFcFontMap and a custom FcConfig
+    // see: https://docs.gtk.org/PangoFc/method.FontMap.set_config.html
+    // see: https://gist.github.com/CallumDev/7c66b3f9cf7a876ef75f
+
+    // Create a temporary surface for layout size calculations
+    auto* tempSurface  = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, 1, 1);
+    auto* tempCr       = mCairoWrapper->cairo_create(tempSurface);
+    auto* tempPangoCtx = mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_create_context(tempCr);
+    auto* tempPangoLyt = mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_new(tempPangoCtx);
+
+    PangoFontDescription* regularFont = mCairoWrapper->pango_font_description_new();
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_font_description_set_size(regularFont, static_cast<int>(mFontSize * PANGO_SCALE));
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_font_description_set_family(regularFont, mFontFamily.c_str());
+
+    // Configure temporary layout for size calculation
+    configureLayout(tempPangoLyt, labelText, regularFont);
+    applyHorizontalAlignment(tempPangoLyt);
+
+    // Calculate label size from temporary layout
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_get_size(tempPangoLyt, &mLayoutWidth, &mLayoutHeight);
+    mLayoutWidth /= PANGO_SCALE;
+    mLayoutHeight /= PANGO_SCALE;
+
+    spdlog::debug("Layout width: {}, height: {}", mLayoutWidth, mLayoutHeight);
+
+    // Clean up temporary resources
+    mCairoWrapper->g_object_unref(tempPangoLyt);
+    mCairoWrapper->g_object_unref(tempPangoCtx);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_destroy(tempCr);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_destroy(tempSurface);
+
+    // Now create the final surface and Pango context for actual rendering
+    // Create deleters with wrapper reference
+    CairoSurfaceDeleter surfaceDeleter;
+    surfaceDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    CairoDeleter cairoDeleter;
+    cairoDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    GObjectDeleter gobjectDeleter;
+    gobjectDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+
+    mSurface = std::unique_ptr<cairo_surface_t, CairoSurfaceDeleter>(
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, mLayoutWidth, mPrinterHeight), surfaceDeleter);
+    cairo_t* cr = mCairoWrapper->cairo_create(mSurface.get());
+    mCairoCtx   = std::unique_ptr<cairo_t, CairoDeleter>(cr, cairoDeleter);
+    mPangoCtx =
+        std::unique_ptr<PangoContext, GObjectDeleter>(mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_create_context(cr), gobjectDeleter);
+    mPangoLyt =
+        std::unique_ptr<PangoLayout, GObjectDeleter>(mCairoWrapper->pango_layout_new(mPangoCtx.get()), gobjectDeleter);
+
+    // Configure final layout with same settings
+    configureLayout(mPangoLyt.get(), labelText, regularFont);
+    applyHorizontalAlignment(mPangoLyt.get());
+
+    // Adjust Cairo cursor position to respect the vertical alignment
+    switch (mVAlign) {
+        case VAlignPosition::TOP:
+            break;
+        case VAlignPosition::BOTTOM:
+            mCairoWrapper->cairo_move_to(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, mPrinterHeight - mLayoutHeight);
+            break;
+        case VAlignPosition::MIDDLE:
+            mCairoWrapper->cairo_move_to(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, (mPrinterHeight - mLayoutHeight) / 2);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // Finally show the layout on the Cairo surface
+    mCairoWrapper->pango_cairo_show_layout(mCairoCtx.get(), mPangoLyt.get());
+
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_set_source_rgb(mCairoCtx.get(), 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(mSurface.get());
+    // mCairoCtx smart pointer will handle cleanup
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Label::writeToPng(const std::string& file) {
+    if (mSurface) {
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(mSurface.get());
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_write_to_png(mSurface.get(), file.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+bool Label::append(const ILabel& other, uint32_t spacingPx) {
+    // Check that heights match
+    if (getHeight() != other.getHeight()) {
+        spdlog::error("Cannot append labels with different heights: {} vs {}", getHeight(), other.getHeight());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int currentWidth = getWidth();
+    int otherWidth   = other.getWidth();
+    int height       = getHeight();
+    int spacing      = static_cast<int>(spacingPx);
+    int newWidth     = currentWidth + spacing + otherWidth;
+
+    spdlog::debug("Appending label: current={}x{}, other={}x{}, spacing={}, new={}x{}", currentWidth, height,
+                  otherWidth, height, spacing, newWidth, height);
+
+    // Get current and other label data
+    auto currentData = getRaw();
+    auto otherData   = other.getRaw();
+
+    // Create new surface with extended width
+    CairoSurfaceDeleter surfaceDeleter;
+    surfaceDeleter.wrapper = mCairoWrapper;
+    auto newSurface        = std::unique_ptr<cairo_surface_t, CairoSurfaceDeleter>(
+        mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, newWidth, height), surfaceDeleter);
+
+    if (mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_status(newSurface.get()) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        spdlog::error("Failed to create new surface for appended label");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get data pointer and stride
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_flush(newSurface.get());
+    unsigned char* newData = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_data(newSurface.get());
+    int newStride          = mCairoWrapper->cairo_image_surface_get_stride(newSurface.get());
+
+    // Clear the new surface (set to transparent/white)
+    std::memset(newData, 0x00, newStride * height);
+
+    // Copy current label data
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < currentWidth; ++x) {
+            size_t srcIdx = y * currentWidth + x;
+            size_t dstIdx = y * newStride + x;
+            if (srcIdx < currentData.size()) {
+                newData[dstIdx] = currentData[srcIdx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Copy other label data (with spacing offset)
+    int xOffset = currentWidth + spacing;
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < otherWidth; ++x) {
+            size_t srcIdx = y * otherWidth + x;
+            size_t dstIdx = y * newStride + (xOffset + x);
+            if (srcIdx < otherData.size()) {
+                newData[dstIdx] = otherData[srcIdx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    mCairoWrapper->cairo_surface_mark_dirty(newSurface.get());
+
+    // Replace current surface with new one
+    mSurface = std::move(newSurface);
+
+    // Update layout dimensions
+    mLayoutWidth = newWidth;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Label::setFontSize(const double fontSize) {
+    mFontSize = fontSize;
+}
+
+void Label::setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) {
+    mFontFamily = fontFamily;
+}
+
+void Label::setHAlign(HAlignPosition hAlign) {
+    mHAlign = hAlign;
+}
+
+void Label::setVAlign(VAlignPosition vAlign) {
+    mVAlign = vAlign;
+}
+
+void Label::setText(const std::string& text) {
+    mText = text;
+}
+
+Label::~Label() {
+    spdlog::debug("Image dtor...");
+    // RAII smart pointers handle cleanup automatically
+}
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Label.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cairo.h"
+#include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
+#include "pango/pango-types.h"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+// Forward declaration
+class ICairoWrapper;
+
+// Custom deleters for Cairo/Pango resources that use the wrapper
+// Implementation in Label.cpp to avoid incomplete type issues
+struct CairoSurfaceDeleter {
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> wrapper;
+    void operator()(cairo_surface_t* surface) const;
+};
+
+struct CairoDeleter {
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> wrapper;
+    void operator()(cairo_t* cr) const;
+};
+
+struct GObjectDeleter {
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> wrapper;
+    void operator()(gpointer obj) const;
+};
+
+class Label : public ILabel {
+   public:
+    // Default constructor using real Cairo/Pango implementation
+    explicit Label(uint16_t heightPixel);
+
+    // Constructor for dependency injection (testing)
+    Label(uint16_t heightPixel, std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> cairoWrapper);
+
+    ~Label() override;
+
+    Label(const Label&)            = delete;
+    Label& operator=(const Label&) = delete;
+    Label(Label&&)                 = delete;
+    Label& operator=(Label&&)      = delete;
+
+    bool create(PrintableText printableText) override;
+    bool create(const std::string& labelText) override;
+    void writeToPng(const std::string& file);
+    [[nodiscard]] int getWidth() const override;
+    [[nodiscard]] int getHeight() const override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<uint8_t> getRaw() const override;
+    void setFontSize(const double fontSize) override;
+    void setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) override;
+
+    void setText(const std::string& text) override;
+    void setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos) override;
+    void setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos) override;
+
+    bool append(const ILabel& other, uint32_t spacingPx = 60) override;
+
+   private:
+    // methods
+    [[nodiscard]] uint8_t getNumLines(std::string_view str);
+    [[nodiscard]] PangoFontMap* createCustomFontMap();
+    void configureLayout(PangoLayout* layout, const std::string& text, PangoFontDescription* fontDesc);
+    void applyHorizontalAlignment(PangoLayout* layout);
+
+    // Cairo/Pango wrapper for dependency injection
+    std::shared_ptr<ICairoWrapper> mCairoWrapper;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<cairo_surface_t, CairoSurfaceDeleter> mSurface{nullptr};
+    std::unique_ptr<cairo_t, CairoDeleter> mCairoCtx{nullptr};
+    std::unique_ptr<PangoContext, GObjectDeleter> mPangoCtx{nullptr};
+    std::unique_ptr<PangoLayout, GObjectDeleter> mPangoLyt{nullptr};
+    std::unique_ptr<PangoFontMap, GObjectDeleter> mFontMap{nullptr};
+    double mFontSize{DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE};
+    std::string mFontFamily{DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY};
+    HAlignPosition mHAlign = HAlignPosition::LEFT;
+    VAlignPosition mVAlign = VAlignPosition::MIDDLE;
+    std::string mText{""};
+    int mLayoutWidth = 0, mLayoutHeight = 0;
+    int mPrinterHeight = 0;
+};
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/LabelBuilder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "LabelBuilder.hpp"
+
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include "Label.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+LabelBuilder::LabelBuilder(int printerHeight) : mPrinterHeight(printerHeight) {
+    reset();
+}
+
+ILabelBuilder& LabelBuilder::addText(const std::string& text) {
+    if (!text.empty()) {
+        if (!mAccumulatedText.empty()) {
+            // Add a newline if the label already has some text accumulated
+            mAccumulatedText += '\n';
+        }
+        mAccumulatedText += text;
+        spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Added text '{}', total length: {}", text, mAccumulatedText.length());
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+ILabelBuilder& LabelBuilder::setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) {
+    mCurrentFontFamily = fontFamily;
+    spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Set font family to '{}'", fontFamily);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+ILabelBuilder& LabelBuilder::setFontSize(double fontSize) {
+    mCurrentFontSize = fontSize;
+    spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Set font size to {}", fontSize);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+ILabelBuilder& LabelBuilder::setHAlign(HAlignPosition hAlign) {
+    mCurrentHAlign = hAlign;
+    spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Set horizontal alignment to {}", static_cast<int>(hAlign));
+    return *this;
+}
+
+ILabelBuilder& LabelBuilder::setVAlign(VAlignPosition vAlign) {
+    mCurrentVAlign = vAlign;
+    spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Set vertical alignment to {}", static_cast<int>(vAlign));
+    return *this;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ILabel> LabelBuilder::build() {
+    spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Building label with text: '{}'", mAccumulatedText);
+
+    auto label = std::make_unique<Label>(mPrinterHeight);
+
+    // Apply current formatting settings
+    label->setFontFamily(mCurrentFontFamily);
+    label->setFontSize(mCurrentFontSize);
+    label->setHAlign(mCurrentHAlign);
+    label->setVAlign(mCurrentVAlign);
+
+    // Create the label with accumulated text
+    label->create(mAccumulatedText);
+
+    return label;
+}
+
+ILabelBuilder& LabelBuilder::reset() {
+    mAccumulatedText.clear();
+    mCurrentFontFamily = DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY;
+    mCurrentFontSize   = DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE;
+    mCurrentHAlign     = HAlignPosition::LEFT;
+    mCurrentVAlign     = VAlignPosition::MIDDLE;
+    spdlog::debug("LabelBuilder: Reset to default state");
+    return *this;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/LabelBuilder.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "interface/ILabel.hpp"
+#include "interface/ILabelBuilder.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Concrete implementation of ILabelBuilder
+ *
+ * Builds labels by accumulating text segments with formatting options,
+ * then creates a Label instance with all the collected content.
+ */
+class LabelBuilder : public ILabelBuilder {
+   public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct a LabelBuilder for a specific printer height
+     * @param printerHeight Height of the printer in pixels (tape width)
+     */
+    explicit LabelBuilder(int printerHeight);
+
+    ~LabelBuilder() override = default;
+
+    ILabelBuilder& addText(const std::string& text) override;
+    ILabelBuilder& setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) override;
+    ILabelBuilder& setFontSize(double fontSize) override;
+    ILabelBuilder& setHAlign(HAlignPosition hAlign) override;
+    ILabelBuilder& setVAlign(VAlignPosition vAlign) override;
+    std::unique_ptr<ILabel> build() override;
+    ILabelBuilder& reset() override;
+
+   private:
+    int mPrinterHeight;
+    std::string mAccumulatedText;
+    std::string mCurrentFontFamily{DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY};
+    double mCurrentFontSize{DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE};
+    HAlignPosition mCurrentHAlign{HAlignPosition::LEFT};
+    VAlignPosition mCurrentVAlign{VAlignPosition::MIDDLE};
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Monochrome.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -21,39 +21,239 @@
 
 #include <cmath>
 
-#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {
-Monochrome::Monochrome(const std::vector<uint8_t>& grayscale) : mPixels(std::move(grayscale)) {}
+// Constructor from grayscale data
+MonochromeData::MonochromeData(const std::vector<uint8_t>& grayscale, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, 
+                               Orientation orient)
+    : stride(0),
+      orientation(orient),
+      width(width),
+      height(height),
+      mPixels(grayscale),
+      mIsProcessed(false) {}
 
-void Monochrome::setThreshold(uint8_t threshhold) {
+MonochromeData::MonochromeData(const std::span<uint8_t> grayscale, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-    mThreshhold = threshhold;
+                               Orientation orient)
+    : stride(0),
+      orientation(orient),
+      width(width),
+      height(height),
+      mPixels(grayscale.begin(), grayscale.end()),
+      mIsProcessed(false) {}
+
+void MonochromeData::setThreshold(uint8_t threshold) {
+    mThreshold   = threshold;
+    mIsProcessed = false;  // Mark as needing reprocessing
 }
 
-void Monochrome::invert(bool shouldInvert) {
+void MonochromeData::invert(bool shouldInvert) {
     mShouldInvert = shouldInvert;
+    mIsProcessed  = false;  // Mark as needing reprocessing
 }
 
-std::vector<uint8_t> Monochrome::get() {
+MonochromeData MonochromeData::get() {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> outPixels(
+    if (!mIsProcessed) {
-        (static_cast<unsigned int>((mPixels.size() / 8)) + (std::floor(mPixels.size() % 8 + 0.9))));
+        processGrayscaleToMonochrome();
+        mIsProcessed = true;
+    }
 
-    unsigned int outIndex = 0;
+    // Return a copy of the processed data
+    MonochromeData result;
+    result.bytes        = bytes;
+    result.stride       = stride;
+    result.orientation  = orientation;
+    result.width        = width;
+    result.height       = height;
+    result.mIsProcessed = true;
+    return result;
+}
 
-    for (unsigned int byteNum = 0; byteNum < mPixels.size(); byteNum += 8) {
+void MonochromeData::processGrayscaleToMonochrome() {
-        for (unsigned int bitNo = 0; bitNo < 8; bitNo++) {
+    // Calculate stride based on packed monochrome data (1 bit per pixel, 8 pixels per byte)
-            if (mPixels[byteNum + bitNo] > mThreshhold) {
+    stride = static_cast<uint32_t>((width + 7) / 8);
-                outPixels[outIndex] |= (1 << (7 - bitNo));
+
-            } else {
+    // Create the monochrome byte array
-                outPixels[outIndex] &= ~(1 << (7 - bitNo));
+    bytes.clear();
+    bytes.resize(stride * height, 0);
+
+    // Convert grayscale to monochrome
+    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+            uint32_t pixelIndex = y * width + x;
+            if (pixelIndex < mPixels.size()) {
+                uint8_t pixelValue = mPixels[pixelIndex];
+
+                // Apply threshold
+                bool isSet = pixelValue >= mThreshold;
+
+                // Apply inversion if needed
+                if (mShouldInvert) {
+                    isSet = !isSet;
+                }
+
+                // Set the bit in the monochrome data
+                if (isSet) {
+                    setBit(x, y, true);
+                }
             }
         }
-        if (mShouldInvert) {
-            outPixels[outIndex] = ~outPixels[outIndex];
-        }
-        outIndex++;
     }
-    return outPixels;
 }
+
+// Transformation methods implementation
+void MonochromeData::transformTo(Orientation targetOrientation) {
+    if (orientation == targetOrientation) {
+        return;  // No transformation needed
+    }
+
+    auto rotatedData = createRotatedData(targetOrientation);
+    bytes            = std::move(rotatedData);
+
+    // Update dimensions and stride based on rotation
+    switch (targetOrientation) {
+        case Orientation::PORTRAIT:
+        case Orientation::PORTRAIT_FLIPPED:
+            // Swap width and height for portrait orientations
+            std::swap(width, height);
+            stride = (width + 7) / 8;  // Recalculate stride for new width
+            break;
+        case Orientation::LANDSCAPE:
+        case Orientation::LANDSCAPE_FLIPPED:
+            // Keep original stride calculation
+            stride = (width + 7) / 8;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    orientation = targetOrientation;
+}
+
+bool MonochromeData::getBit(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) const {
+    if (x >= width || y >= height) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t byteIndex = y * stride + x / 8;
+    uint32_t bitIndex  = 7 - (x % 8);  // MSB first
+
+    if (byteIndex >= bytes.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return (bytes[byteIndex] >> bitIndex) & 1;
+}
+
+void MonochromeData::setBit(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, bool value) {
+    if (x >= width || y >= height) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t byteIndex = y * stride + x / 8;
+    uint32_t bitIndex  = 7 - (x % 8);  // MSB first
+
+    if (byteIndex >= bytes.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (value) {
+        bytes[byteIndex] |= (1 << bitIndex);
+    } else {
+        bytes[byteIndex] &= ~(1 << bitIndex);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> MonochromeData::createRotatedData(Orientation targetOrientation) const {
+    uint32_t newWidth = 0, newHeight = 0;
+
+    // Determine new dimensions
+    switch (targetOrientation) {
+        case Orientation::PORTRAIT:
+        case Orientation::PORTRAIT_FLIPPED:
+            newWidth  = height;
+            newHeight = width;
+            break;
+        case Orientation::LANDSCAPE:
+        case Orientation::LANDSCAPE_FLIPPED:
+        default:
+            newWidth  = width;
+            newHeight = height;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t newStride = (newWidth + 7) / 8;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> newBytes(newStride * newHeight, 0);
+
+    // Create a temporary MonochromeData for the new image
+    MonochromeData tempData;
+    tempData.bytes       = std::move(newBytes);
+    tempData.stride      = newStride;
+    tempData.width       = newWidth;
+    tempData.height      = newHeight;
+    tempData.orientation = targetOrientation;
+
+    // Copy pixels with appropriate transformation
+    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+            bool pixel    = getBit(x, y);
+            uint32_t newX = 0, newY = 0;
+
+            switch (targetOrientation) {
+                case Orientation::LANDSCAPE:
+                    newX = x;
+                    newY = y;
+                    break;
+                case Orientation::PORTRAIT:  // 90 degrees clockwise
+                    newX = height - 1 - y;
+                    newY = x;
+                    break;
+                case Orientation::LANDSCAPE_FLIPPED:  // 180 degrees
+                    newX = width - 1 - x;
+                    newY = height - 1 - y;
+                    break;
+                case Orientation::PORTRAIT_FLIPPED:  // 270 degrees clockwise
+                    newX = y;
+                    newY = width - 1 - x;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            tempData.setBit(newX, newY, pixel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return std::move(tempData.bytes);
+}
+
+void MonochromeData::visualize() const {
+    std::cout << "MonochromeData visualization (" << width << "x" << height << ", orientation: ";
+
+    switch (orientation) {
+        case Orientation::LANDSCAPE:
+            std::cout << "LANDSCAPE";
+            break;
+        case Orientation::PORTRAIT:
+            std::cout << "PORTRAIT";
+            break;
+        case Orientation::LANDSCAPE_FLIPPED:
+            std::cout << "LANDSCAPE_FLIPPED";
+            break;
+        case Orientation::PORTRAIT_FLIPPED:
+            std::cout << "PORTRAIT_FLIPPED";
+            break;
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "):" << std::endl;
+
+    // Print the image row by row
+    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+        for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
+            bool pixel = getBit(x, y);
+            std::cout << (pixel ? "█" : ".");
+        }
+        std::cout << std::endl;
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
+
 }  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/Monochrome.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -20,22 +20,81 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "graphics/Bitmap.hpp"
 
 namespace ptprnt::graphics {
-class Monochrome {
-   public:
-    Monochrome(const std::vector<uint8_t>& grayscale);
-    ~Monochrome() = default;
 
-    void setThreshold(uint8_t);
+enum class Orientation {
+    LANDSCAPE         = 0,  // 0 degrees
+    PORTRAIT          = 1,  // 90 degrees clockwise
+    LANDSCAPE_FLIPPED = 2,  // 180 degrees
+    PORTRAIT_FLIPPED  = 3   // 270 degrees clockwise (90 counter-clockwise)
+};
+
+class MonochromeData {
+   public:
+    // Constructors
+    MonochromeData() : stride(0), orientation(Orientation::LANDSCAPE), width(0), height(0) {}
+
+    MonochromeData(std::vector<uint8_t> data, uint32_t stride_bytes, Orientation orient = Orientation::LANDSCAPE,
+                   uint32_t w = 0, uint32_t h = 0)
+        : bytes(std::move(data)), stride(stride_bytes), orientation(orient), width(w), height(h) {}
+
+    // Constructor from grayscale data (replaces old Monochrome class)
+    MonochromeData(const std::vector<uint8_t>& grayscale, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+                   Orientation orient = Orientation::LANDSCAPE);
+    MonochromeData(const std::span<uint8_t> grayscale, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+                   Orientation orient = Orientation::LANDSCAPE);
+
+    ~MonochromeData() = default;
+
+    // Copy constructor and assignment
+    MonochromeData(const MonochromeData&)            = default;
+    MonochromeData& operator=(const MonochromeData&) = default;
+
+    // Move constructor and assignment
+    MonochromeData(MonochromeData&&)            = default;
+    MonochromeData& operator=(MonochromeData&&) = default;
+
+    // Configuration methods
+    void setThreshold(uint8_t threshold);
     void invert(bool shouldInvert);
-    std::vector<uint8_t> get();
+
+    // Get processed monochrome data
+    MonochromeData get();
+
+    // Transform the image data to the target orientation
+    void transformTo(Orientation targetOrientation);
+
+    // Visualize the monochrome data on stdout
+    void visualize() const;
+
+    // Helper methods for orientation transformations
+    [[nodiscard]] bool getBit(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) const;
+    void setBit(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, bool value);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<uint8_t> createRotatedData(Orientation targetOrientation) const;
+
+    // Public member access for backward compatibility
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bytes;
+    uint32_t stride;
+    Orientation orientation;
+    uint32_t width;   // Width in pixels
+    uint32_t height;  // Height in pixels
 
    private:
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& mPixels;
+    // Processing parameters (for old Monochrome class compatibility)
-    uint8_t mThreshhold = 127;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mPixels;  // Original grayscale pixels
-    bool mShouldInvert  = false;
+    uint8_t mThreshold = UINT8_MAX / 2;
+    bool mShouldInvert = false;
+    bool mIsProcessed  = false;  // Flag to indicate if conversion has been done
+
+    // Helper method to convert grayscale to monochrome
+    void processGrayscaleToMonochrome();
 };
+
+// For backward compatibility, create a type alias
+using Monochrome = MonochromeData;
 }  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cairo.h>
+#include <pango/pango.h>
+#include <pango/pangocairo.h>
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Interface wrapper for Cairo and Pango C API functions
+ *
+ * This interface allows for dependency injection and mocking of Cairo/Pango
+ * functionality in unit tests, making the Label class fully testable.
+ */
+class ICairoWrapper {
+   public:
+    virtual ~ICairoWrapper() = default;
+
+    // Cairo image surface functions
+    virtual cairo_surface_t* cairo_image_surface_create(cairo_format_t format, int width, int height) = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_surface_destroy(cairo_surface_t* surface)                                      = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_surface_flush(cairo_surface_t* surface)                                        = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_surface_mark_dirty(cairo_surface_t* surface)                                   = 0;
+    virtual cairo_status_t cairo_surface_status(cairo_surface_t* surface)                             = 0;
+    virtual cairo_format_t cairo_image_surface_get_format(cairo_surface_t* surface)                   = 0;
+    virtual int cairo_image_surface_get_width(cairo_surface_t* surface)                               = 0;
+    virtual int cairo_image_surface_get_height(cairo_surface_t* surface)                              = 0;
+    virtual int cairo_image_surface_get_stride(cairo_surface_t* surface)                              = 0;
+    virtual unsigned char* cairo_image_surface_get_data(cairo_surface_t* surface)                     = 0;
+    virtual cairo_status_t cairo_surface_write_to_png(cairo_surface_t* surface, const char* filename) = 0;
+
+    // Cairo context functions
+    virtual cairo_t* cairo_create(cairo_surface_t* surface)                               = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_destroy(cairo_t* cr)                                               = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_move_to(cairo_t* cr, double x, double y)                           = 0;
+    virtual void cairo_set_source_rgb(cairo_t* cr, double red, double green, double blue) = 0;
+
+    // Pango-Cairo functions
+    virtual PangoFontMap* pango_cairo_font_map_new()                       = 0;
+    virtual PangoContext* pango_cairo_create_context(cairo_t* cr)          = 0;
+    virtual void pango_cairo_show_layout(cairo_t* cr, PangoLayout* layout) = 0;
+
+    // Pango layout functions
+    virtual PangoLayout* pango_layout_new(PangoContext* context)                                          = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_font_description(PangoLayout* layout, const PangoFontDescription* desc) = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_text(PangoLayout* layout, const char* text, int length)                 = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_height(PangoLayout* layout, int height)                                 = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_alignment(PangoLayout* layout, PangoAlignment alignment)                = 0;
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_justify(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify)                          = 0;
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    virtual void pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(PangoLayout* layout, gboolean justify) = 0;
+#endif
+    virtual void pango_layout_get_size(PangoLayout* layout, int* width, int* height) = 0;
+
+    // Pango font description functions
+    virtual PangoFontDescription* pango_font_description_new()                                     = 0;
+    virtual void pango_font_description_set_size(PangoFontDescription* desc, gint size)            = 0;
+    virtual void pango_font_description_set_family(PangoFontDescription* desc, const char* family) = 0;
+
+    // GObject reference counting
+    virtual void g_object_unref(gpointer object) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+constexpr const char* DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY = "sans";
+constexpr const double DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE  = 32.0;
+
+enum class HAlignPosition {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    LEFT    = 1,
+    CENTER  = 2,
+    RIGHT   = 3,
+    JUSTIFY = 4,
+};
+const std::map<std::string, HAlignPosition> HALignPositionMap{{"", HAlignPosition::UNKNOWN},
+                                                              {"left", HAlignPosition::LEFT},
+                                                              {"center", HAlignPosition::CENTER},
+                                                              {"right", HAlignPosition::RIGHT},
+                                                              {"justify", HAlignPosition::JUSTIFY}};
+
+enum class VAlignPosition {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    TOP     = 1,
+    MIDDLE  = 2,
+    BOTTOM  = 3,
+};
+
+const std::map<std::string, VAlignPosition> VALignPositionMap{{"", VAlignPosition::UNKNOWN},
+                                                              {"top", VAlignPosition::TOP},
+                                                              {"middle", VAlignPosition::MIDDLE},
+                                                              {"bottom", VAlignPosition::BOTTOM}};
+
+struct PrintableText {
+    std::string text{""};
+    std::string fontFamily{DEFAULT_FONT_FAMILY};
+    double fontSize{DEFAULT_FONT_SIZE};
+    HAlignPosition hAlign{HAlignPosition::LEFT};
+    VAlignPosition vAlign{VAlignPosition::MIDDLE};
+};
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+class ILabel {
+   public:
+    virtual ~ILabel() = default;
+
+    virtual bool create(PrintableText printableText)     = 0;
+    virtual bool create(const std::string& labelText)    = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<uint8_t> getRaw() const          = 0;
+    virtual int getWidth() const                         = 0;
+    virtual int getHeight() const                        = 0;
+
+    virtual void setText(const std::string& text)             = 0;
+    virtual void setFontSize(const double fontSize)           = 0;
+    virtual void setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) = 0;
+    virtual void setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos)               = 0;
+    virtual void setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos)               = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Append another label horizontally with spacing
+     * @param other The label to append
+     * @param spacingPx Spacing between labels in pixels (default: 60px ~5mm at 300dpi)
+     * @return true on success, false if heights don't match
+     */
+    virtual bool append(const ILabel& other, uint32_t spacingPx = 60) = 0;
+};
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/graphics/interface/ILabelBuilder.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "ILabel.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Builder interface for creating labels with text and formatting options
+ *
+ * The LabelBuilder provides a fluent API for constructing labels with various
+ * text elements, fonts, sizes, and alignment options. It separates the construction
+ * logic from the label rendering logic, making it easier to test and maintain.
+ */
+class ILabelBuilder {
+   public:
+    virtual ~ILabelBuilder() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Add text to the label with current formatting settings
+     * @param text The text to add
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+     */
+    virtual ILabelBuilder& addText(const std::string& text) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set the font family for subsequent text additions
+     * @param fontFamily Font family name (e.g., "sans", "serif", "monospace")
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+     */
+    virtual ILabelBuilder& setFontFamily(const std::string& fontFamily) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set the font size for subsequent text additions
+     * @param fontSize Font size in points
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+     */
+    virtual ILabelBuilder& setFontSize(double fontSize) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set horizontal alignment for subsequent text additions
+     * @param hAlign Horizontal alignment position
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+     */
+    virtual ILabelBuilder& setHAlign(HAlignPosition hAlign) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Set vertical alignment for subsequent text additions
+     * @param vAlign Vertical alignment position
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+     */
+    virtual ILabelBuilder& setVAlign(VAlignPosition vAlign) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Build and return the label with all added content
+     * @return Unique pointer to the constructed label
+     */
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<ILabel> build() = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Reset the builder to initial state
+     * @return Reference to this builder for method chaining
+     */
+    virtual ILabelBuilder& reset() = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

src/libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

src/libusbwrap/UsbDevice.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
 #include "libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp"
 
 namespace libusbwrap {
-UsbDevice::UsbDevice(libusb_context* ctx, libusb_device* dev) : mLibusbCtx(ctx), mLibusbDev(dev) {
+UsbDevice::UsbDevice(libusb_context* ctx, usbDevice_ptr dev) : mLibusbCtx(ctx), mLibusbDev(std::move(dev)) {
     if (mLibusbCtx == nullptr || mLibusbDev == nullptr) {
         throw std::invalid_argument("ctx or device are nullptr");
     }
 
-    libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &mLibusbDevDesc);
+    libusb_get_device_descriptor(mLibusbDev.get(), &mLibusbDevDesc);
 }
 
 UsbDevice::~UsbDevice() {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ UsbDevice::~UsbDevice() {
 }
 
 bool UsbDevice::open() {
-    int openStatus = libusb_open(mLibusbDev, &mLibusbDevHandle);
+    int openStatus = libusb_open(mLibusbDev.get(), &mLibusbDevHandle);
     if (openStatus != 0) {
         mLastError = static_cast<Error>(openStatus);
         return false;
@@ -90,13 +90,12 @@ bool UsbDevice::releaseInterface(int interfaceNo) {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool UsbDevice::bulkTransfer(uint8_t endpoint, std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int* tx,
+bool UsbDevice::bulkTransfer(uint8_t endpoint, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int* tx, unsigned int timeout) {
-                             unsigned int timeout) {
     // TODO: implement error handling for incomplete transactions (tx length != data length)
     int bulkTransferStatus = 0;
 
-    bulkTransferStatus =
+    bulkTransferStatus = libusb_bulk_transfer(mLibusbDevHandle, endpoint, const_cast<unsigned char*>(data.data()),
-        libusb_bulk_transfer(mLibusbDevHandle, endpoint, data.data(), data.size(), tx, timeout);
+                                              data.size(), tx, timeout);
     if (bulkTransferStatus != 0) {
         mLastError = static_cast<Error>(bulkTransferStatus);
         return false;
@@ -109,15 +108,15 @@ const usbId UsbDevice::getUsbId() {
 }
 
 const device::Speed UsbDevice::getSpeed() {
-    return static_cast<device::Speed>(libusb_get_device_speed(mLibusbDev));
+    return static_cast<device::Speed>(libusb_get_device_speed(mLibusbDev.get()));
 }
 
 const uint8_t UsbDevice::getBusNumber() {
-    return libusb_get_bus_number(mLibusbDev);
+    return libusb_get_bus_number(mLibusbDev.get());
 }
 
 const uint8_t UsbDevice::getPortNumber() {
-    return libusb_get_port_number(mLibusbDev);
+    return libusb_get_port_number(mLibusbDev.get());
 }
 
 const Error UsbDevice::getLastError() {

src/libusbwrap/UsbDevice.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -20,21 +20,34 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <atomic>
-#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include "libusb.h"
 #include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
 #include "libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp"
 
 namespace libusbwrap {
+
+struct usbDevice_deleter {
+    void operator()(libusb_device* dev_ptr) const {
+        if (nullptr != dev_ptr) {
+            libusb_unref_device(dev_ptr);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+using usbDevice_ptr = std::unique_ptr<libusb_device, usbDevice_deleter>;
+
 class UsbDevice : public IUsbDevice {
    public:
-    explicit UsbDevice(libusb_context* ctx, libusb_device* dev);
+    explicit UsbDevice(libusb_context* ctx, usbDevice_ptr dev);
     ~UsbDevice() override;
 
     // delete copy ctor and assignment
-    UsbDevice(const UsbDevice&)      = delete;
+    UsbDevice(const UsbDevice&)            = delete;
-    UsbDevice& operator=(UsbDevice&) = delete;
+    UsbDevice& operator=(const UsbDevice&) = delete;
+    UsbDevice(UsbDevice&&)                 = delete;
+    UsbDevice& operator=(UsbDevice&&)      = delete;
 
     bool open() override;
     void close() override;
@@ -43,8 +56,7 @@ class UsbDevice : public IUsbDevice {
     bool detachKernelDriver(int interfaceNo) override;
     bool claimInterface(int interfaceNo) override;
     bool releaseInterface(int interfaceNo) override;
-    bool bulkTransfer(uint8_t endpoint, std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int* tx,
+    bool bulkTransfer(uint8_t endpoint, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int* tx, unsigned int timeout) override;
-                      unsigned int timeout) override;
 
     // getters
     const usbId getUsbId() override;
@@ -58,9 +70,9 @@ class UsbDevice : public IUsbDevice {
 
    private:
     libusb_context* mLibusbCtx{nullptr};
-    libusb_device* mLibusbDev{nullptr};
+    usbDevice_ptr mLibusbDev{nullptr};
     libusb_device_handle* mLibusbDevHandle{nullptr};
-    libusb_device_descriptor mLibusbDevDesc;
+    libusb_device_descriptor mLibusbDevDesc{0};
     std::atomic<bool> mIsOpen = false;
     Error mLastError          = Error::SUCCESS;
 };

src/libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
 #include "libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp"
 
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "libusb.h"
 #include "libusbwrap/UsbDevice.hpp"
@@ -31,49 +33,54 @@
 namespace libusbwrap {
 
 UsbDeviceFactory::~UsbDeviceFactory() {
-    if (mDeviceListInitialized) {
+    if (mLibusbCtx) {
-        libusb_free_device_list(mLibusbDeviceList, 1);
+        libusb_exit(mLibusbCtx);
     }
-}
+};
 
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> UsbDeviceFactory::findAllDevices() {
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> UsbDeviceFactory::findAllDevices() {
     refreshDeviceList();
     return buildMaskedDeviceVector(0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0);
 }
 
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> UsbDeviceFactory::findDevices(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) {
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> UsbDeviceFactory::findDevices(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) {
     refreshDeviceList();
-    return buildMaskedDeviceVector(0xffff, 0xffff, vid, pid);
+    return buildMaskedDeviceVector(LIBUSB_BITMASK_ALL, LIBUSB_BITMASK_ALL, vid, pid);
 }
 
-int UsbDeviceFactory::refreshDeviceList() {
+ssize_t UsbDeviceFactory::refreshDeviceList() {
-    int ret = libusb_get_device_list(mLibusbCtx, &mLibusbDeviceList);
+    libusb_device** list{nullptr};
+
+    ssize_t ret = libusb_get_device_list(mLibusbCtx, &list);
+    mLibusbDeviceList.clear();
     if (ret < 0) {
         spdlog::error("Error enumarating USB devices");
     } else if (ret == 0) {
         spdlog::warn("No USB devices found");
     }
-    mDeviceListInitialized = true;
+
+    for (ssize_t i = 0; i < ret; i++) {
+        mLibusbDeviceList.emplace_back(list[i]);
+    }
+
+    libusb_free_device_list(list, false);
     return ret;
 }
 
-std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> UsbDeviceFactory::buildMaskedDeviceVector(uint16_t vidMask,
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> UsbDeviceFactory::buildMaskedDeviceVector(uint16_t vidMask, uint16_t pidMask,
-                                                                                   uint16_t pidMask,
+                                                                                   uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) {
-                                                                                   uint16_t vid,
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> matchedDevices;
-                                                                                   uint16_t pid) {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> matchedDevices;
     // see libusb/examples/listdevs.c
-    int i                  = 0;
+    for (auto& currDev : mLibusbDeviceList) {
-    libusb_device* currDev = nullptr;
+        struct libusb_device_descriptor currDevDesc{};
-    while ((currDev = mLibusbDeviceList[i++]) != nullptr) {
+
-        struct libusb_device_descriptor currDevDesc;
+        int ret = libusb_get_device_descriptor(currDev.get(), &currDevDesc);
-        int ret = libusb_get_device_descriptor(currDev, &currDevDesc);
+        spdlog::trace("Detected Device {:04x}:{:04x} ", currDevDesc.idVendor, currDevDesc.idProduct);
         if (ret < 0) {
             continue;
         }
-        if (((currDevDesc.idVendor & vidMask) == vid) &&
+        if (((currDevDesc.idVendor & vidMask) == vid) && ((currDevDesc.idProduct & pidMask) == pid)) {
-            ((currDevDesc.idProduct & pidMask) == pid)) {
+            matchedDevices.push_back(std::make_unique<UsbDevice>(mLibusbCtx, std::move(currDev)));
-            matchedDevices.push_back(std::make_shared<UsbDevice>(mLibusbCtx, currDev));
         }
     }
     return matchedDevices;

src/libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -19,9 +19,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "libusb.h"
+#include "libusbwrap/UsbDevice.hpp"
 #include "libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDeviceFactory.hpp"
 
 namespace libusbwrap {
+
+constexpr const uint16_t LIBUSB_BITMASK_ALL = 0xffff;
+
 class UsbDeviceFactory : public IUsbDeviceFactory {
    public:
     UsbDeviceFactory() = default;
@@ -39,7 +46,7 @@ class UsbDeviceFactory : public IUsbDeviceFactory {
      * 
      * @return std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> Vector of all detected USB devices
      */
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findAllDevices() override;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findAllDevices() override;
     /**
      * @brief Gets all devices with certain vid/pid combination. 
      *        If only one device of certain type is connected, vector is usually only one element
@@ -48,17 +55,17 @@ class UsbDeviceFactory : public IUsbDeviceFactory {
      * @param pid ProductId of the devices to find
      * @return std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> Vector of detected USB devices based on vid/pid
      */
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findDevices(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) override;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findDevices(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) override;
 
    private:
     // methods
-    int refreshDeviceList();
+    ssize_t refreshDeviceList();
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> buildMaskedDeviceVector(uint16_t vidMask,
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> buildMaskedDeviceVector(uint16_t vidMask,
                                                                      uint16_t pidMask, uint16_t vid,
                                                                      uint16_t pid);
     // members
     libusb_context* mLibusbCtx{nullptr};
-    libusb_device** mLibusbDeviceList{};
+    std::vector<usbDevice_ptr> mLibusbDeviceList{};
     bool mDeviceListInitialized = false;
 };
 }  // namespace libusbwrap

src/libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,27 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
 #pragma once
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -25,15 +43,15 @@ enum class Speed {
 class IUsbDevice {
    public:
     virtual ~IUsbDevice() = default;
-    virtual bool open()   = 0;
+
-    virtual void close()  = 0;
+    virtual bool open()  = 0;
+    virtual void close() = 0;
 
     // libusb wrappers
-    virtual bool detachKernelDriver(int interfaceNo) = 0;
+    virtual bool detachKernelDriver(int interfaceNo)                                                             = 0;
-    virtual bool claimInterface(int interfaceNo)     = 0;
+    virtual bool claimInterface(int interfaceNo)                                                                 = 0;
-    virtual bool releaseInterface(int interfaceNo)   = 0;
+    virtual bool releaseInterface(int interfaceNo)                                                               = 0;
-    virtual bool bulkTransfer(uint8_t endpoint, std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int* tx,
+    virtual bool bulkTransfer(uint8_t endpoint, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int* tx, unsigned int timeout) = 0;
-                              unsigned int timeout)  = 0;
 
     // getters
     virtual const usbId getUsbId()         = 0;

src/libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDeviceFactory.hpp

@@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
+/* 
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -9,8 +28,8 @@
 namespace libusbwrap {
 class IUsbDeviceFactory {
    public:
-    virtual ~IUsbDeviceFactory()                                      = default;
+    virtual ~IUsbDeviceFactory()                                                             = default;
-    virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findAllDevices() = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findAllDevices()                        = 0;
-    virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findDevices(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<std::unique_ptr<IUsbDevice>> findDevices(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) = 0;
 };
 }  // namespace libusbwrap

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2022-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ptprnt::PtouchPrint ptouchprnt(PROJ_VERSION);
     int ret = ptouchprnt.init(argc, argv);
     if (ret != 0) {
-        return ret;
+        // Non-zero from init means don't continue
+        // Positive values = clean exit (help/version)
+        // Negative values = error
+        return ret > 0 ? 0 : ret;
     }
     return ptouchprnt.run();
 }

src/meson.build

@@ -1,26 +1,34 @@
-ptprnt_hpps = files (
+ptprnt_hpps = files(
-    'libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDeviceFactory.hpp',
+    'cli/CliParser.hpp',
-    'libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp',
+    'core/PrinterDriverFactory.hpp',
-    'libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp',
+    'core/PrinterService.hpp',
+    'graphics/Bitmap.hpp',
+    'graphics/Label.hpp',
+    'graphics/LabelBuilder.hpp',
+    'graphics/Monochrome.hpp',
     'libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp',
     'libusbwrap/UsbDevice.hpp',
-    'interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp',
+    'libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.hpp',
-    'interface/IPrinterTypes.hpp',
+    'libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp',
-    'P700Printer.hpp',
+    'libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDeviceFactory.hpp',
+    'printers/FakePrinter.hpp',
+    'printers/P700Printer.hpp',
+    'printers/interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp',
+    'printers/interface/IPrinterTypes.hpp',
     'PtouchPrint.hpp',
-    'PrinterDriverFactory.hpp',
-    'graphics/Bitmap.hpp',
-    'graphics/Image.hpp',
-    'graphics/Monochrome.hpp'
 )
 
-ptprnt_srcs = files (
+ptprnt_srcs = files(
-    'PtouchPrint.cpp',
+    'cli/CliParser.cpp',
-    'PrinterDriverFactory.cpp',
+    'core/PrinterDriverFactory.cpp',
-    'P700Printer.cpp',
+    'core/PrinterService.cpp',
-    'graphics/Image.cpp',
     'graphics/Bitmap.cpp',
+    'graphics/Label.cpp',
+    'graphics/LabelBuilder.cpp',
     'graphics/Monochrome.cpp',
-    'libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.cpp',
     'libusbwrap/UsbDevice.cpp',
+    'libusbwrap/UsbDeviceFactory.cpp',
+    'printers/FakePrinter.cpp',
+    'printers/P700Printer.cpp',
+    'PtouchPrint.cpp',
 )

src/printers/FakePrinter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "FakePrinter.hpp"
+
+#include <cairo.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "graphics/Monochrome.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::printer {
+
+const PrinterInfo FakePrinter::mInfo = {.driverName = "FakePrinter",
+                                        .name       = "Virtual Test Printer",
+                                        .version    = "v1.0",
+                                        .usbId{0x0000, 0x0000},  // No USB ID - virtual printer created explicitly
+                                        .pixelLines = 128};
+
+std::string_view FakePrinter::getDriverName() {
+    return mInfo.driverName;
+}
+
+std::string_view FakePrinter::getName() {
+    return mInfo.name;
+}
+
+std::string_view FakePrinter::getVersion() {
+    return mInfo.version;
+}
+
+PrinterInfo FakePrinter::getPrinterInfo() {
+    return mInfo;
+}
+
+PrinterStatus FakePrinter::getPrinterStatus() {
+    if (!mHasAttachedDevice) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    return mStatus;
+}
+
+libusbwrap::usbId FakePrinter::getUsbId() {
+    return mInfo.usbId;
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) {
+    // FakePrinter doesn't need a real USB device
+    mHasAttachedDevice = true;
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Simulated USB device attachment");
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::detachUsbDevice() {
+    mHasAttachedDevice = false;
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Simulated USB device detachment");
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) {
+    // Convert bitmap to MonochromeData and delegate
+    auto pixels   = bitmap.getPixelsCpy();
+    auto mono     = graphics::Monochrome(pixels, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight());
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    return printMonochromeData(monoData);
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::printMonochromeData(const graphics::MonochromeData& data) {
+    if (!mHasAttachedDevice) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Simulating printing of {}x{} bitmap", data.width, data.height);
+
+    // Simulate the printing process by reconstructing the bitmap
+    auto printed = simulatePrinting(data);
+    mLastPrint   = std::make_unique<graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>>(std::move(printed));
+
+    spdlog::info("FakePrinter: Successfully 'printed' label ({}x{} pixels)", mLastPrint->getWidth(),
+                 mLastPrint->getHeight());
+
+    // Save to timestamped PNG file
+    std::string filename = generateTimestampedFilename();
+    if (saveBitmapToPng(*mLastPrint, filename)) {
+        spdlog::info("FakePrinter: Saved output to {}", filename);
+    } else {
+        spdlog::error("FakePrinter: Failed to save output to {}", filename);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::printLabel(const std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) {
+    // Convert label directly to MonochromeData
+    // getRaw() returns data in Cairo surface coordinates matching getWidth() × getHeight()
+    auto pixels = label->getRaw();
+
+    // Create monochrome data in landscape orientation (as stored in Cairo surface)
+    auto mono = graphics::Monochrome(pixels, label->getWidth(), label->getHeight(), graphics::Orientation::LANDSCAPE);
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    // Transform to portrait orientation for printing
+    monoData.transformTo(graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT);
+
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Label surface is {}x{}, transformed to portrait", label->getWidth(),
+                  label->getHeight());
+
+    return printMonochromeData(monoData);
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::print() {
+    if (!mHasAttachedDevice) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Print command (no-op for virtual printer)");
+    return true;
+}
+
+graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8> FakePrinter::simulatePrinting(const graphics::MonochromeData& data) {
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Simulating column-by-column printing like real hardware");
+
+    // Create output bitmap with same dimensions
+    graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8> result(data.width, data.height);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(data.width * data.height, 0);
+
+    // Simulate printer behavior: process column by column
+    // This mimics how label printers physically print one vertical line at a time
+    for (uint32_t col = 0; col < data.width; col++) {
+        spdlog::trace("FakePrinter: Processing column {}/{}", col + 1, data.width);
+
+        // Extract column data bit by bit (simulating what would be sent to printer)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> columnBytes;
+
+        for (uint32_t row = 0; row < data.height; row += 8) {
+            uint8_t byte = 0;
+
+            // Pack 8 vertical pixels into one byte (printer data format)
+            for (int bit = 0; bit < 8 && (row + bit) < data.height; bit++) {
+                if (data.getBit(col, row + bit)) {
+                    byte |= (1 << (7 - bit));
+                }
+            }
+
+            columnBytes.push_back(byte);
+        }
+
+        // Now "print" this column by unpacking the bytes back to pixels
+        for (size_t byteIdx = 0; byteIdx < columnBytes.size(); byteIdx++) {
+            uint8_t byte     = columnBytes[byteIdx];
+            uint32_t baseRow = byteIdx * 8;
+
+            for (int bit = 0; bit < 8 && (baseRow + bit) < data.height; bit++) {
+                bool pixelOn = (byte & (1 << (7 - bit))) != 0;
+                uint32_t row = baseRow + bit;
+
+                // Write to output bitmap
+                size_t pixelIdx  = row * data.width + col;
+                pixels[pixelIdx] = pixelOn ? 255 : 0;  // 255 = black, 0 = white
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Set the pixels in the result bitmap
+    result.setPixels(pixels);
+
+    spdlog::debug("FakePrinter: Simulation complete, reconstructed {}x{} bitmap", result.getWidth(),
+                  result.getHeight());
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& FakePrinter::getLastPrint() const {
+    if (!mLastPrint) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("FakePrinter: No print data available");
+    }
+    return *mLastPrint;
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::saveLastPrintToPng(const std::string& filename) const {
+    if (!mLastPrint || mLastPrint->getWidth() == 0 || mLastPrint->getHeight() == 0) {
+        spdlog::error("FakePrinter: No print data available to save");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return saveBitmapToPng(*mLastPrint, filename);
+}
+
+bool FakePrinter::saveBitmapToPng(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap, const std::string& filename) const {
+    // Create Cairo surface from bitmap data
+    auto pixels     = bitmap.getPixelsCpy();
+    uint16_t width  = bitmap.getWidth();
+    uint16_t height = bitmap.getHeight();
+
+    // Cairo expects ARGB32 format, but we have ALPHA8
+    // Convert ALPHA8 (grayscale) to ARGB32
+    std::vector<uint32_t> argbPixels(width * height);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < pixels.size(); i++) {
+        uint8_t gray = pixels[i];
+        // ARGB32 format: 0xAARRGGBB
+        // For grayscale: use gray value for R, G, B and 255 for alpha
+        argbPixels[i] = 0xFF000000 | (gray << 16) | (gray << 8) | gray;
+    }
+
+    // Create Cairo surface
+    int stride               = cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, width);
+    cairo_surface_t* surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(argbPixels.data()),
+                                                                   CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height, stride);
+
+    if (cairo_surface_status(surface) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        spdlog::error("FakePrinter: Failed to create Cairo surface: {}",
+                      cairo_status_to_string(cairo_surface_status(surface)));
+        cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Write to PNG file
+    cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_write_to_png(surface, filename.c_str());
+
+    cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
+
+    if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        spdlog::error("FakePrinter: Failed to write PNG file: {}", cairo_status_to_string(status));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string FakePrinter::generateTimestampedFilename() const {
+    // Get current time
+    auto now  = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    auto time = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
+
+    // Format: fakelabel_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.png
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "fakelabel_" << std::put_time(std::localtime(&time), "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S") << ".png";
+
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::printer

src/printers/FakePrinter.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "graphics/Bitmap.hpp"
+#include "interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp"
+#include "interface/IPrinterTypes.hpp"
+#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
+#include "libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::printer {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Virtual printer driver for testing without hardware
+ *
+ * FakePrinter simulates a real label printer by processing bitmap data
+ * column by column and reconstructing it into a new bitmap, mimicking
+ * the physical printing process of label printers.
+ */
+class FakePrinter : public ::ptprnt::IPrinterDriver {
+   public:
+    FakePrinter()           = default;
+    ~FakePrinter() override = default;
+
+    FakePrinter(const FakePrinter&)            = delete;
+    FakePrinter& operator=(const FakePrinter&) = delete;
+    FakePrinter(FakePrinter&&)                 = default;
+    FakePrinter& operator=(FakePrinter&&)      = default;
+
+    // Printer info - static to be accessed without instantiation
+    static const PrinterInfo mInfo;
+
+    // IPrinterDriver interface
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getDriverName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getVersion() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
+    bool attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) override;
+    bool detachUsbDevice() override;
+    bool printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) override;
+    bool printMonochromeData(const graphics::MonochromeData& data) override;
+    bool printLabel(const std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) override;
+    bool print() override;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the last printed bitmap
+     * @return The reconstructed bitmap from simulated printing
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& getLastPrint() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Save the last print to a PNG file
+     * @param filename Path to save the PNG
+     * @return true if successful
+     */
+    bool saveLastPrintToPng(const std::string& filename) const;
+
+   private:
+    /**
+     * @brief Simulate printing by reconstructing bitmap column by column
+     * @param data Monochrome data to "print"
+     * @return Reconstructed bitmap
+     */
+    graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8> simulatePrinting(const graphics::MonochromeData& data);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Save bitmap to PNG file using Cairo
+     * @param bitmap The bitmap to save
+     * @param filename Output filename
+     * @return true if successful
+     */
+    bool saveBitmapToPng(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap, const std::string& filename) const;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Generate timestamped filename for fake label output
+     * @return Filename like "fakelabel_20231011_123456.png"
+     */
+    std::string generateTimestampedFilename() const;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>> mLastPrint;
+    bool mHasAttachedDevice = false;
+    PrinterStatus mStatus{.tapeWidthMm = 12};  // Default to 12mm tape
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::printer

src/printers/P700Printer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "P700Printer.hpp"
+
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "graphics/Bitmap.hpp"
+#include "graphics/Monochrome.hpp"
+#include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
+#include "spdlog/fmt/bin_to_hex.h"
+
+namespace ptprnt::printer {
+
+const PrinterInfo P700Printer::mInfo = {.driverName = "P700",
+                                        .name       = "Brother P-touch P700",
+                                        .version    = "v1.0",
+                                        .usbId{0x04f9, 0x2061},
+                                        .pixelLines = 128};
+
+P700Printer::~P700Printer() {
+    P700Printer::detachUsbDevice();
+    if (mUsbHndl) {
+        mUsbHndl->close();
+    }
+}
+
+std::string_view P700Printer::getDriverName() {
+    return mInfo.driverName;
+}
+
+std::string_view P700Printer::getName() {
+    return mInfo.name;
+}
+
+std::string_view P700Printer::getVersion() {
+    return mInfo.version;
+}
+
+PrinterInfo P700Printer::getPrinterInfo() {
+    return mInfo;
+}
+
+PrinterStatus P700Printer::getPrinterStatus() {
+    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+    if (!mUsbHndl) {
+        spdlog::error("USB Handle is invalid!");
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    send(p700::commands::GET_STATUS);
+
+    int tx    = 0;
+    int tries = 0;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> recvBuf(32);
+    while (tries++ < MAX_TRIES_GET_STATUS) {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+        mUsbHndl->bulkTransfer(p700::commands::PRINTER_INFO[0], recvBuf, &tx, 0);
+    }
+
+    return PrinterStatus{.tapeWidthMm = recvBuf[10]};
+}
+
+libusbwrap::usbId P700Printer::getUsbId() {
+    return mInfo.usbId;
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) {
+    if (!usbHndl->open()) {
+        spdlog::error("Unable to open USB device: {}", usbHndl->getLastErrorString());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!usbHndl->detachKernelDriver(0)) {
+
+        spdlog::error("Device is already in use or couldn't be detached from kernel: {}",
+                      usbHndl->getLastErrorString());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!usbHndl->claimInterface(0)) {
+        spdlog::error("Could not claim interface 0: {}", usbHndl->getLastErrorString());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mUsbHndl = std::move(usbHndl);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::detachUsbDevice() {
+    if (!mUsbHndl) {
+        spdlog::warn("No device to detach...");
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (!mUsbHndl->releaseInterface(0)) {
+        spdlog::error("Could not release interface 0: {}", mUsbHndl->getLastErrorString());
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) {
+    // Convert bitmap to MonochromeData and delegate to printMonochromeData
+    auto pixels   = bitmap.getPixelsCpy();
+    auto mono     = graphics::Monochrome(pixels, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight());
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    return printMonochromeData(monoData);
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::printMonochromeData(const graphics::MonochromeData& data) {
+    // Send initialization sequence
+    // The INITIALIZE command needs to be sent as a 128-byte packet with ESC @ at the end
+    std::vector<uint8_t> initCmd(128, 0x00);
+    initCmd[126] = p700::commands::INITIALIZE[0];  // ESC
+    initCmd[127] = p700::commands::INITIALIZE[1];  // @
+    send(initCmd);
+
+    // Status is already queried in getPrinterStatus()
+    send(p700::commands::PRINT_MODE);
+    send(p700::commands::AUTO_STATUS);
+    send(p700::commands::MODE_SETTING);
+
+    // Send raster data row by row in reverse order (bottom to top)
+    // The printer feeds tape as it prints, so first row sent appears at the end
+    for (int row = data.height - 1; row >= 0; row--) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> rowData;
+
+        // Extract row data byte by byte
+        for (uint32_t col = 0; col < data.width; col += 8) {
+            uint8_t byte = 0;
+            for (int bit = 0; bit < 8 && (col + bit) < data.width; bit++) {
+                if (data.getBit(col + bit, row)) {
+                    byte |= (1 << (7 - bit));
+                }
+            }
+            rowData.push_back(byte);
+        }
+
+        // Build raster line command: G + length_high + 0x00 + length_low + data
+        std::vector<uint8_t> buf;
+        buf.push_back(0x47);                         // 'G' command
+        buf.push_back((rowData.size() + 1) & 0xFF);  // length + 1 (low byte)
+        buf.push_back(0x00);                         // high byte (always 0 for our data size)
+        buf.push_back((rowData.size() - 1) & 0xFF);  // length - 1
+        buf.insert(buf.end(), rowData.begin(), rowData.end());
+
+        if (!send(buf)) {
+            spdlog::error("Error sending raster line {} to printer", row);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Send print finalization commands
+    send(p700::commands::EJECT);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::printLabel(std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) {
+    // Convert label directly to MonochromeData
+    // getRaw() returns data in Cairo surface coordinates matching getWidth() × getHeight()
+    auto pixels = label->getRaw();
+
+    // Create monochrome data in landscape orientation (as stored in Cairo surface)
+    auto mono = graphics::Monochrome(pixels, label->getWidth(), label->getHeight(), graphics::Orientation::LANDSCAPE);
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    // Transform to portrait orientation for printing
+    monoData.transformTo(graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT);
+
+    spdlog::debug("Label surface was {}x{}, after transform to portrait: {}x{}", label->getWidth(), label->getHeight(),
+                  monoData.width, monoData.height);
+
+    return printMonochromeData(monoData);
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::print() {
+    send(p700::commands::LF);
+    send(p700::commands::FF);
+    send(p700::commands::EJECT);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::send(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+
+    if (mUsbHndl == nullptr || data.size() > 128) {
+        spdlog::error("Invalid device handle or invalid data.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    spdlog::trace("USB Tx → 0x02 {:03d} bytes: {:Xn}", data.size(), spdlog::to_hex(data));
+#ifdef USB_TRACE_ONLY
+    // Trace mode: Log the data that would be sent without actually sending it
+    return true;
+#else
+    int tx = 0;
+
+    if (!mUsbHndl->bulkTransfer(0x02, data, &tx, 0)) {
+        spdlog::error("Error writing command to Printer: {}", mUsbHndl->getLastErrorString());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    assert(tx > 0);
+    if (static_cast<std::uint32_t>(tx) != data.size()) {
+        spdlog::error("Could not transfer all data via USB bulk transfer. Only sent {} of {} bytes", tx, data.size());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool P700Printer::init() {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cmd(102);
+    cmd[100] = 0x1b; /* ESC */
+    cmd[101] = 0x40; /* @ */
+    return send(cmd);
+}
+}  // namespace ptprnt::printer

src/printers/P700Printer.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 
  */
 
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -28,16 +30,31 @@
 #include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
 #include "libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp"
 
-#pragma once
-
 namespace ptprnt::printer {
+namespace p700::commands {
+const cmd_T INITIALIZE{0x1b, 0x40};                // ESC @ - Initialize
+const cmd_T GET_STATUS{0x1b, 0x69, 0x53};          // ESC i S - Status query
+const cmd_T PRINT_MODE{0x4d, 0x02};                // M 0x02 - Print mode
+const cmd_T AUTO_STATUS{0x1b, 0x69, 0x61, 0x01};   // ESC i a - Auto status
+const cmd_T MODE_SETTING{0x1b, 0x69, 0x4d, 0x40};  // ESC i M @ - Advanced mode
+const cmd_T RASTER_START{0x1b, 0x69, 0x7a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+const cmd_T INFO{0x1b, 0x69, 0x7a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+const cmd_T PACKBITSON{0x02};
+const cmd_T LF{0x5a};
+const cmd_T FF{0x0c};
+const cmd_T EJECT{0x1a};
+const cmd_T PRINTER_INFO{0x81};
+}  // namespace p700::commands
 
 constexpr uint8_t MAX_TRIES_GET_STATUS = 10;
 
+// TODO:
+// Remove Text-layout specific parts, add them to label
+
 class P700Printer : public ::ptprnt::IPrinterDriver {
    public:
     P700Printer() = default;
-    ~P700Printer();
+    ~P700Printer() override;
 
     // delete copy ctor and assignment
     P700Printer(const P700Printer&)            = default;
@@ -49,37 +66,23 @@ class P700Printer : public ::ptprnt::IPrinterDriver {
     static const PrinterInfo mInfo;
 
     // IPrinterDriver
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getDriverName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getDriverName() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getName() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getName() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view getVersion() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string_view getVersion() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo() override;
-    [[nodiscard]] const PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
+    [[nodiscard]] PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus() override;
     bool attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) override;
     bool detachUsbDevice() override;
-    bool setText(const std::string& text) override;
-    bool setFont(const std::string& text) override;
-    bool setFontSize(uint8_t fontSize) override;
-    bool setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos) override;
-    bool setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos) override;
     bool printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap) override;
+    bool printMonochromeData(const graphics::MonochromeData& data) override;
+    bool printLabel(const std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label) override;
     bool print() override;
 
    private:
-    bool send(std::vector<uint8_t>& data);
+    bool send(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data);
     bool init();
 
     std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> mUsbHndl{nullptr};
-    std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint8_t>> commands{
-        {"rasterstart",
-         {0x1b, 0x69, 0x61,
-          0x01}},  // unique for P700, other printers have the 2 byte set to 0x52 instead of 0x61
-        {"info", {0x1b, 0x69, 0x7a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
-        {"packbitson", {0x02}},
-        {"lf", {0x5a}},
-        {"ff", {0x0c}},
-        {"eject", {0x1a}},
-        {"printerinfo", {0x81}}};
 };
-
 }  // namespace ptprnt::printer

src/printers/interface/IPrinterDriver.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -19,33 +19,30 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string_view>
 
+#include "IPrinterTypes.hpp"
 #include "graphics/Bitmap.hpp"
-#include "interface/IPrinterTypes.hpp"
+#include "graphics/Monochrome.hpp"
+#include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
 #include "libusbwrap/interface/IUsbDevice.hpp"
 
 namespace ptprnt {
-
 class IPrinterDriver {
    public:
     virtual ~IPrinterDriver()                                                     = default;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::string_view getDriverName()                  = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string_view getDriverName()                        = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::string_view getName()                        = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string_view getName()                              = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::string_view getVersion()                     = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string_view getVersion()                           = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId()                      = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual libusbwrap::usbId getUsbId()                            = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo()                      = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual PrinterInfo getPrinterInfo()                            = 0;
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus()                  = 0;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual PrinterStatus getPrinterStatus()                        = 0;
     virtual bool attachUsbDevice(std::shared_ptr<libusbwrap::IUsbDevice> usbHndl) = 0;
     virtual bool detachUsbDevice()                                                = 0;
-    virtual bool setText(const std::string& text)                                 = 0;
-    virtual bool setFont(const std::string& text)                                 = 0;
-    virtual bool setFontSize(uint8_t fontSize)                                    = 0;
-    virtual bool setHAlign(HAlignPosition hpos)                                   = 0;
-    virtual bool setVAlign(VAlignPosition vpos)                                   = 0;
     virtual bool printBitmap(const graphics::Bitmap<graphics::ALPHA8>& bitmap)    = 0;
+    virtual bool printMonochromeData(const graphics::MonochromeData& data)        = 0;
+    virtual bool printLabel(const std::unique_ptr<graphics::ILabel> label)        = 0;
     virtual bool print()                                                          = 0;
 };
 

src/printers/interface/IPrinterTypes.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <string>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "libusbwrap/LibUsbTypes.hpp"
 
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ struct PrinterInfo {
     std::string_view name       = "";
     std::string_view version    = "";
     libusbwrap::usbId usbId{0x00, 0x00};
+    uint16_t pixelLines = 0;
 };
 
 struct PrinterStatus {
@@ -39,27 +40,6 @@ struct PrinterStatus {
     unsigned int tapeWidthMm    = 0.0;
 };
 
-enum class HAlignPosition {
+using cmd_T = std::vector<uint8_t>;
-    UNKNOWN = 0,
-    LEFT    = 1,
-    CENTER  = 2,
-    RIGHT   = 3,
-    JUSTIFY = 4,
-};
-
-enum class VAlignPosition {
-    UNKNOWN = 0,
-    TOP     = 1,
-    MIDDLE  = 2,
-    BOTTOM  = 3,
-};
-
-struct PrintableText {
-    std::string text{""};
-    std::string font{"Noto"};
-    uint8_t fontSize{0};
-    HAlignPosition hAlign{HAlignPosition::LEFT};
-    VAlignPosition vAlign{VAlignPosition::MIDDLE};
-};
 
 }  // namespace ptprnt

subprojects/cli11.wrap

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 [wrap-file]
-directory = CLI11-2.3.2
+directory = CLI11-2.5.0
-source_url = https://github.com/CLIUtils/CLI11/archive/refs/tags/v2.3.2.tar.gz
+source_url = https://github.com/CLIUtils/CLI11/archive/refs/tags/v2.5.0.tar.gz
-source_filename = CLI11-2.3.2.tar.gz
+source_filename = CLI11-2.5.0.tar.gz
-source_hash = aac0ab42108131ac5d3344a9db0fdf25c4db652296641955720a4fbe52334e22
+source_hash = 17e02b4cddc2fa348e5dbdbb582c59a3486fa2b2433e70a0c3bacb871334fd55
-wrapdb_version = 2.3.2-1
+source_fallback_url = https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapdb/releases/download/cli11_2.5.0-2/CLI11-2.5.0.tar.gz
+wrapdb_version = 2.5.0-2
 
 [provide]
-cli11 = CLI11_dep
+dependency_names = CLI11

subprojects/gtest.wrap

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [wrap-file]
-directory = googletest-1.14.0
+directory = googletest-1.17.0
-source_url = https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.0.tar.gz
+source_url = https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/refs/tags/v1.17.0.tar.gz
-source_filename = gtest-1.14.0.tar.gz
+source_filename = googletest-1.17.0.tar.gz
-source_hash = 8ad598c73ad796e0d8280b082cebd82a630d73e73cd3c70057938a6501bba5d7
+source_hash = 65fab701d9829d38cb77c14acdc431d2108bfdbf8979e40eb8ae567edf10b27c
-patch_filename = gtest_1.14.0-1_patch.zip
+patch_filename = gtest_1.17.0-4_patch.zip
-patch_url = https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/v2/gtest_1.14.0-1/get_patch
+patch_url = https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/v2/gtest_1.17.0-4/get_patch
-patch_hash = 2e693c7d3f9370a7aa6dac802bada0874d3198ad4cfdf75647b818f691182b50
+patch_hash = 3abf7662d09db706453a5b064a1e914678c74b9d9b0b19382747ca561d0d8750
-source_fallback_url = https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapdb/releases/download/gtest_1.14.0-1/gtest-1.14.0.tar.gz
+source_fallback_url = https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapdb/releases/download/gtest_1.17.0-4/googletest-1.17.0.tar.gz
-wrapdb_version = 1.14.0-1
+wrapdb_version = 1.17.0-4
 
 [provide]
 gtest = gtest_dep

test_copyright.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Test file

tests/bitmap_test/bitmap_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
 TEST(basic_test, Bitmap_createBitmapWithCertainSize_yieldsSpecifiedSize) {
@@ -36,34 +35,28 @@ TEST(basic_test, Bitmap_createBitmapWithCertainSize_yieldsSpecifiedSize) {
 TEST(basic_test, Bitmap_getBitmapLineOutsideOfImage_yieldsNullopt) {
     auto bm = ptprnt::graphics::Bitmap<ptprnt::graphics::ALPHA8>(16, 8);
     // line 8 is out of bounds, count begins with 0
-    auto outOfBoundsLine = bm.getLine(8);
+    EXPECT_ANY_THROW(auto outOfBoundsLine = bm.getLine(8));
-    ASSERT_EQ(std::nullopt, outOfBoundsLine);
 }
 
 TEST(basic_test, Bitmap_getBitmapLineInsideOfImage_yieldsValidLineSize) {
-    auto bm   = ptprnt::graphics::Bitmap<ptprnt::graphics::ALPHA8>(16, 8);
+    auto bm       = ptprnt::graphics::Bitmap<ptprnt::graphics::ALPHA8>(16, 8);
-    auto line = bm.getLine(7);
+    auto line     = bm.getLine(7);
-    if (!line) {
+    auto lineSize = line.size();
-        FAIL() << "Returned line is invalid";
-    }
-    auto lineSize = line->size();
     ASSERT_EQ(16, lineSize);
 }
 
 TEST(basic_test, Bitmap_getBitmapColOutsideOfImage_yieldsNullopt) {
     auto bm = ptprnt::graphics::Bitmap<ptprnt::graphics::ALPHA8>(16, 8);
     // col 16 is out of bounds, count begins with 0
-    auto outOfBoundsCol = bm.getCol(16);
+
-    ASSERT_EQ(std::nullopt, outOfBoundsCol);
+    EXPECT_ANY_THROW(auto outOfBoundsCol = bm.getCol(16));
 }
 
 TEST(basic_test, Bitmap_getBitmapColInsideOfImage_yieldsValidColSize) {
     auto bm  = ptprnt::graphics::Bitmap<ptprnt::graphics::ALPHA8>(16, 8);
     auto col = bm.getCol(15);
-    if (!col) {
+
-        FAIL() << "Returned Col is invalid";
+    auto colSize = col.size();
-    }
-    auto colSize = col->size();
     ASSERT_EQ(8, colSize);
 }
 

tests/image_test/image_test.cpp

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* 
-    ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
-
-    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- */
-
-#include "graphics/Image.hpp"
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-TEST(basic_test, Image_smokeTest_succeeds) {
-    auto im = ptprnt::graphics::Image();
-}

tests/label_test/label_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#include "graphics/Label.hpp"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../../tests/mocks/MockCairoWrapper.hpp"
+#include "graphics/interface/ILabel.hpp"
+
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::DoAll;
+using ::testing::NiceMock;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::SetArgPointee;
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+// Test fixture for Label tests with comprehensive mock setup
+class LabelTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mockWrapper = std::make_shared<NiceMock<MockCairoWrapper>>();
+
+        // Mock pointers for temporary surface (used in size calculation)
+        mockTempSurface = reinterpret_cast<cairo_surface_t*>(0x2000);
+        mockTempCr      = reinterpret_cast<cairo_t*>(0x2001);
+        mockTempCtx     = reinterpret_cast<PangoContext*>(0x2002);
+        mockTempLayout  = reinterpret_cast<PangoLayout*>(0x2003);
+
+        // Mock pointers for final surface (used in rendering)
+        mockFinalSurface = reinterpret_cast<cairo_surface_t*>(0x3000);
+        mockFinalCr      = reinterpret_cast<cairo_t*>(0x3001);
+        mockFinalCtx     = reinterpret_cast<PangoContext*>(0x3002);
+        mockFinalLayout  = reinterpret_cast<PangoLayout*>(0x3003);
+
+        // Mock font description
+        mockFontDesc = reinterpret_cast<PangoFontDescription*>(0x2004);
+
+        // Default layout size: 100x30 pixels (in PANGO_SCALE units)
+        defaultLayoutWidth  = 100;
+        defaultLayoutHeight = 30;
+
+        SetupDefaultBehaviors();
+    }
+
+    void SetupDefaultBehaviors() {
+        // Font map
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_font_map_new())
+            .WillByDefault(Return(reinterpret_cast<PangoFontMap*>(0x1000)));
+
+        // Temporary surface creation (for size calculation)
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, 1, 1)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempSurface));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_create(mockTempSurface)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempCr));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_create_context(mockTempCr)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempCtx));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_new(mockTempCtx)).WillByDefault(Return(mockTempLayout));
+
+        // Final surface creation (for rendering) - use _ for width since it varies
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8, _, _))
+            .WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalSurface));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_create(mockFinalSurface)).WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalCr));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_create_context(mockFinalCr)).WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalCtx));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_new(mockFinalCtx)).WillByDefault(Return(mockFinalLayout));
+
+        // Font description
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_font_description_new()).WillByDefault(Return(mockFontDesc));
+
+        // Layout size - return default dimensions
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_get_size(_, _, _))
+            .WillByDefault(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(defaultLayoutWidth * PANGO_SCALE),
+                                 SetArgPointee<2>(defaultLayoutHeight * PANGO_SCALE)));
+
+        // Surface status - always success
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_surface_status(_)).WillByDefault(Return(CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS));
+
+        // Surface properties for getRaw()
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_format(_)).WillByDefault(Return(CAIRO_FORMAT_A8));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_width(_)).WillByDefault(Return(defaultLayoutWidth));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_height(_)).WillByDefault(Return(128));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_stride(_)).WillByDefault(Return(defaultLayoutWidth));
+
+        // Mock data pointer
+        mockSurfaceData.resize(defaultLayoutWidth * 128, 0xFF);
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_data(_)).WillByDefault(Return(mockSurfaceData.data()));
+    }
+
+    // Helper method to set custom layout dimensions
+    void SetLayoutSize(int width, int height) {
+        defaultLayoutWidth  = width;
+        defaultLayoutHeight = height;
+
+        // Update the mock to return new dimensions
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_get_size(_, _, _))
+            .WillByDefault(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(width * PANGO_SCALE), SetArgPointee<2>(height * PANGO_SCALE)));
+
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_width(_)).WillByDefault(Return(width));
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_stride(_)).WillByDefault(Return(width));
+
+        // Resize mock data
+        mockSurfaceData.resize(width * 128, 0xFF);
+        ON_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_image_surface_get_data(_)).WillByDefault(Return(mockSurfaceData.data()));
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<MockCairoWrapper>> mockWrapper;
+
+    // Mock pointers
+    cairo_surface_t* mockTempSurface;
+    cairo_t* mockTempCr;
+    PangoContext* mockTempCtx;
+    PangoLayout* mockTempLayout;
+
+    cairo_surface_t* mockFinalSurface;
+    cairo_t* mockFinalCr;
+    PangoContext* mockFinalCtx;
+    PangoLayout* mockFinalLayout;
+
+    PangoFontDescription* mockFontDesc;
+
+    // Default layout dimensions
+    int defaultLayoutWidth;
+    int defaultLayoutHeight;
+
+    // Mock surface data
+    std::vector<unsigned char> mockSurfaceData;
+};
+
+// Smoke test with real Cairo/Pango
+TEST(basic_test, Label_smokeTest_succeeds) {
+    auto label = Label(128);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 128);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), 0);  // No label created yet
+}
+
+// Constructor test with mock
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Constructor_InitializesFontMap) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_cairo_font_map_new()).Times(1);
+
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 128);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), 0);
+}
+
+// Test getters before label creation
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Getters_BeforeCreate_ReturnDefaults) {
+    auto label = Label(256, mockWrapper);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 256);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), 0);
+}
+
+// Test setters
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Setters_ModifyProperties) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+
+    label.setFontSize(24.0);
+    label.setFontFamily("Arial");
+    label.setText("Test");
+    label.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::CENTER);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::BOTTOM);
+
+    // Properties are set (no way to verify without create, but no crash is good)
+    SUCCEED();
+}
+
+// Test create() - basic functionality with simplified setup
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithText_Succeeds) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setFontSize(12.0);
+    label.setFontFamily("Sans");
+
+    bool result = label.create("Hello");
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getWidth(), defaultLayoutWidth);
+    EXPECT_EQ(label.getHeight(), 128);
+}
+
+// Test horizontal alignment - RIGHT
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithRightAlignment_SetsCorrectPangoAlignment) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::RIGHT);
+
+    // Verify RIGHT alignment is set (temp + final layout)
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_alignment(_, PANGO_ALIGN_RIGHT)).Times(2);
+
+    label.create("Right");
+}
+
+// Test horizontal alignment - JUSTIFY
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithJustifyAlignment_SetsJustifyAndAlignment) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setHAlign(HAlignPosition::JUSTIFY);
+
+    // Verify JUSTIFY requires LEFT alignment + justify flag
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_alignment(_, PANGO_ALIGN_LEFT)).Times(2);
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_justify(_, true)).Times(2);
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, pango_layout_set_justify_last_line(_, true)).Times(2);
+#endif
+
+    label.create("Justify");
+}
+
+// Test vertical alignment - TOP (no cairo_move_to)
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithTopAlignment_NoMoveToCall) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::TOP);
+
+    // TOP alignment should NOT call cairo_move_to
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_move_to(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+    label.create("Top");
+}
+
+// Test vertical alignment - BOTTOM
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithBottomAlignment_CallsMoveToWithCorrectOffset) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::BOTTOM);
+
+    SetLayoutSize(50, 20);  // Use helper to set custom size
+
+    // BOTTOM alignment: offset = printerHeight - layoutHeight = 128 - 20 = 108
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_move_to(mockFinalCr, 0.0, 108.0)).Times(1);
+
+    label.create("Bottom");
+}
+
+// Test vertical alignment - MIDDLE
+TEST_F(LabelTest, Create_WithMiddleAlignment_CallsMoveToWithCenteredOffset) {
+    auto label = Label(128, mockWrapper);
+    label.setVAlign(VAlignPosition::MIDDLE);
+
+    SetLayoutSize(50, 20);  // Use helper to set custom size
+
+    // MIDDLE alignment: offset = (printerHeight - layoutHeight) / 2 = (128 - 20) / 2 = 54
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockWrapper, cairo_move_to(mockFinalCr, 0.0, 54.0)).Times(1);
+
+    label.create("Middle");
+}
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

tests/meson.build

@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ tests = [
         'bitmap_test_exe',
         ['../src/graphics/Bitmap.cpp', 'bitmap_test/bitmap_test.cpp'],
     ],
-    [
-        'image_test',
-        'image_test_exe',
-        ['../src/graphics/Image.cpp', 'image_test/image_test.cpp'],
-    ],
     [
         'monochrome_test',
         'monochrome_test_exe',
@@ -36,3 +31,21 @@ foreach test : tests
         ),
     )
 endforeach
+
+# Label test requires GMock for mocking Cairo/Pango
+test(
+    'label_test',
+    executable(
+        'label_test_exe',
+        sources: ['../src/graphics/Label.cpp', 'label_test/label_test.cpp'],
+        include_directories: incdir,
+        dependencies: [
+            gmock_dep,
+            gtest_dep,
+            usb_dep,
+            log_dep,
+            pangocairo_dep,
+            cli11_dep,
+        ],
+    ),
+)

tests/mocks/MockCairoWrapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+    ptrnt - print labels on linux
+    Copyright (C) 2025  Moritz Martinius
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include "graphics/interface/ICairoWrapper.hpp"
+
+namespace ptprnt::graphics {
+
+/**
+ * @brief GMock implementation of ICairoWrapper for unit testing
+ *
+ * This mock allows tests to verify that the Label class correctly interacts
+ * with the Cairo/Pango API without requiring actual graphics rendering.
+ */
+class MockCairoWrapper : public ICairoWrapper {
+   public:
+    // Cairo image surface functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_surface_t*, cairo_image_surface_create, (cairo_format_t format, int width, int height),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_surface_destroy, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_surface_flush, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_surface_mark_dirty, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_status_t, cairo_surface_status, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_format_t, cairo_image_surface_get_format, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int, cairo_image_surface_get_width, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int, cairo_image_surface_get_height, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(int, cairo_image_surface_get_stride, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(unsigned char*, cairo_image_surface_get_data, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_status_t, cairo_surface_write_to_png, (cairo_surface_t * surface, const char* filename),
+                (override));
+
+    // Cairo context functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(cairo_t*, cairo_create, (cairo_surface_t * surface), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_destroy, (cairo_t * cr), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_move_to, (cairo_t * cr, double x, double y), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, cairo_set_source_rgb, (cairo_t * cr, double red, double green, double blue), (override));
+
+    // Pango-Cairo functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoFontMap*, pango_cairo_font_map_new, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoContext*, pango_cairo_create_context, (cairo_t * cr), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_cairo_show_layout, (cairo_t * cr, PangoLayout* layout), (override));
+
+    // Pango layout functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoLayout*, pango_layout_new, (PangoContext * context), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_font_description, (PangoLayout * layout, const PangoFontDescription* desc),
+                (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_text, (PangoLayout * layout, const char* text, int length), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_height, (PangoLayout * layout, int height), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_alignment, (PangoLayout * layout, PangoAlignment alignment), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_justify, (PangoLayout * layout, gboolean justify), (override));
+#if PANGO_VERSION_MAJOR >= 1 && PANGO_VERSION_MINOR >= 50
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_set_justify_last_line, (PangoLayout * layout, gboolean justify), (override));
+#endif
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_layout_get_size, (PangoLayout * layout, int* width, int* height), (override));
+
+    // Pango font description functions
+    MOCK_METHOD(PangoFontDescription*, pango_font_description_new, (), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_font_description_set_size, (PangoFontDescription * desc, gint size), (override));
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, pango_font_description_set_family, (PangoFontDescription * desc, const char* family),
+                (override));
+
+    // GObject reference counting
+    MOCK_METHOD(void, g_object_unref, (gpointer object), (override));
+};
+
+}  // namespace ptprnt::graphics

tests/monochrome_test/monochrome_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* 
     ptrnt - print labels on linux
-    Copyright (C) 2023  Moritz Martinius
+    Copyright (C) 2023-2025  Moritz Martinius
 
     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,50 +22,142 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 TEST(basic_test, Monochrome_convertGrayscale_yieldsMonochrome) {
-    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00,
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(
-                                       0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00});
+        {0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00});
 
     const std::vector<uint8_t> expected({0b10101010, 0b10101010});
-    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels);
+    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 16, 1);
     auto out  = mono.get();
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(out, expected);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.bytes, expected);
 }
 
 TEST(basic_test, Monochrome_convertInvertedGrayscale_yieldsInvertedMonochrome) {
-    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00,
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(
-                                       0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00});
+        {0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00});
 
     const std::vector<uint8_t> expected({0b01010101, 0b01010101});
-    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels);
+    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 16, 1);
     mono.invert(true);
     auto out = mono.get();
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(out, expected);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.bytes, expected);
 }
 
 TEST(basic_test, Monochrome_convertWithCustomThreshhold_yieldsMonochromeRespectingThreshhold) {
-    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11,
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(
-                                       0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11});
+        {0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11, 0x0F, 0x11});
 
     const std::vector<uint8_t> expected({0b01010101, 0b01010101});
-    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels);
+    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 16, 1);
     mono.setThreshold(16);
     auto out = mono.get();
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(out, expected);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.bytes, expected);
 }
 
 TEST(basic_test, Monochrome_convertNonAlignedPixels_spillsOverIntoNewByte) {
     // TODO: We need to find to access the vector without the possiblity of out-of-bounds access
     // Ideas: constexpr? compile time check?
     GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping this test, as ASAN will halt as this is an out-of-bounds access";
-    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00,
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels(
-                                       0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF});
+        {0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF});
 
     const std::vector<uint8_t> expected({0b10101010, 0b10101010, 0b10000000});
-    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels);
+    auto mono = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 17, 1);
     auto out  = mono.get();
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(out, expected);
+    EXPECT_EQ(out.bytes, expected);
+}
+
+TEST(MonochromeData_test, MonochromeData_getMonochromeData_returnsStructWithCorrectData) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00});
+
+    auto mono     = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 8, 1);
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.bytes.size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.bytes[0], 0b10101010);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.width, 8);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.height, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.stride, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.orientation, ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::LANDSCAPE);
+}
+
+TEST(MonochromeData_test, MonochromeData2x2_transformToPortrait_rotatesCorrectly) {
+    // Create a 2x2 image with a specific pattern
+    // Pixels are laid out row-major: row0_col0, row0_col1, row1_col0, ...
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF});
+
+    auto mono     = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 2, 2);
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    monoData.transformTo(ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT);
+
+    // After 90° clockwise rotation:
+    // Original:  █ .    ->   Rotated:  . █
+    //            . █                   █ .
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.width, 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.height, 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.orientation, ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT);
+
+    // check pixel data ...................................... x,y = value
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 0), false);  // 0,0 = white
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 0), true);   // 0,1 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 1), true);   // 1,0 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 1), false);  // 1,1 = white
+}
+
+TEST(MonochromeData_test, MonochromeData3x2_transformToPortrait_rotatesCorrectly) {
+    // Create a 2x3 image with a specific pattern
+    // Pixels are laid out row-major: row0_col0, row0_col1, row0_col2, row1_col0, ...
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF});
+
+    auto mono     = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 3, 2);
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    monoData.transformTo(ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT);
+
+    // After 90° clockwise rotation:
+    // Original:  █ . .    ->   Rotated: █ █
+    //            █ . █                  . .
+    //                                   █ .
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.width, 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.height, 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.orientation, ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT);
+
+    // check pixel data ...................................... x,y = value
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 0), true);   // 1,1 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 0), true);   // 1,2 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 1), false);  // 2,1 = white
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 1), false);  // 2,2 = white
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 2), true);   // 3,1 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 2), false);  // 3,2 = white
+}
+
+TEST(MonochromeData_test, MonochromeData3x2_transformToPortrait_rotatesCorrectlyCounterclockwise) {
+    // Create a 2x3 image with a specific pattern
+    // Pixels are laid out row-major: row0_col0, row0_col1, row0_col2, row1_col0, ...
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> pixels({0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF});
+
+    auto mono     = ptprnt::graphics::Monochrome(pixels, 3, 2);
+    auto monoData = mono.get();
+
+    monoData.transformTo(ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT_FLIPPED);
+
+    // After 90° anti-clockwise rotation:
+    // Original:  █ . .    ->   Rotated: . █
+    //            █ . █                  . .
+    //                                   █ █
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.width, 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.height, 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.orientation, ptprnt::graphics::Orientation::PORTRAIT_FLIPPED);
+
+    // check pixel data ...................................... x,y = value
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 0), false);  // 1,1 = white
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 0), true);   // 1,2 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 1), false);  // 2,1 = white
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 1), false);  // 2,2 = white
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(0, 2), true);   // 3,1 = black
+    EXPECT_EQ(monoData.getBit(1, 2), true);   // 3,2 = black
 }